Current challenges and future opportunities of phage therapy

Pires, Diana P.; Costa, Ana Rita; Pinto, Graça; Meneses, Luciana; Azeredo, Joana

doi:10.1093/femsre/fuaa017

Current challenges and future opportunities of phage therapy

Journal Article · Sat May 30 00:00:00 EDT 2020 · FEMS Microbiology Reviews

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1093/femsre/fuaa017· OSTI ID:1734395

Pires, Diana P. ^[1]; Costa, Ana Rita ^[2]; Pinto, Graça ^[1]; Meneses, Luciana ^[1]; Azeredo, Joana ^[1]

CEB – Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, Netherlands

ABSTRACT

Antibiotic resistance is a major public health challenge worldwide, whose implications for global health might be devastating if novel antibacterial strategies are not quickly developed. As natural predators of bacteria, (bacterio)phages may play an essential role in escaping such a dreadful future. The rising problem of antibiotic resistance has revived the interest in phage therapy and important developments have been achieved over the last years. But where do we stand today and what can we expect from phage therapy in the future? This is the question we set to answer in this review. Here, we scour the outcomes of human phage therapy clinical trials and case reports, and address the major barriers that stand in the way of using phages in clinical settings. We particularly address the potential of phage resistance to hinder phage therapy and discuss future avenues to explore the full capacity of phage therapy.

View Journal Article

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Nuclear Energy (NE), Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Supply Chain

OSTI ID:: 1734395

Journal Information:: FEMS Microbiology Reviews, Journal Name: FEMS Microbiology Reviews Journal Issue: 6 Vol. 44; ISSN 1574-6976

Publisher:: Oxford University PressCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United Kingdom

Language:: English

References (173)

Safety and Tolerability of Bacteriophage Therapy for Chronic Rhinosinusitis Due to Staphylococcus aureus Ooi, Mian Li; Drilling, Amanda Jane; Morales, Sandra JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery, Vol. 145, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoto.2019.1191	journal	August 2019
Combined treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms with bacteriophages and chlorine Zhang, Yanyan; Hu, Zhiqiang Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Vol. 110, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.24630	journal	August 2012
Phage therapy: What factors shape phage pharmacokinetics and bioavailability? Systematic and critical review Dąbrowska, Krystyna Medicinal Research Reviews, Vol. 39, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1002/med.21572	journal	March 2019
Successful eradication of methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus (MRSA) intestinal carrier status in a healthcare worker — Case report Leszczyński, P.; Weber-Dabrowska, B.; Kohutnicka, M. Folia Microbiologica, Vol. 51, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02932128	journal	May 2006
Assessment of synergistic combination potential of probiotic and bacteriophage against antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus exposed to simulated intestinal conditions Woo, Jihoon; Ahn, Juhee Archives of Microbiology, Vol. 196, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-014-1013-z	journal	July 2014
The Rise of Pathogens: Predation as a Factor Driving the Evolution of Human Pathogens in the Environment Erken, Martina; Lutz, Carla; McDougald, Diane Microbial Ecology, Vol. 65, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-013-0189-0	journal	January 2013
The Phage Therapy Paradigm: Prêt-à-Porter or Sur-mesure? Pirnay, Jean-Paul; De Vos, Daniel; Verbeken, Gilbert Pharmaceutical Research, Vol. 28, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11095-010-0313-5	journal	November 2010
Quality and Safety Requirements for Sustainable Phage Therapy Products Pirnay, Jean-Paul; Blasdel, Bob G.; Bretaudeau, Laurent Pharmaceutical Research, Vol. 32, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11095-014-1617-7	journal	January 2015
Amoxicillin and specific bacteriophage can be used together for eradication of biofilm of Klebsiella pneumoniae B5055 Bedi, Manmeet Sakshi; Verma, Vivek; Chhibber, Sanjay World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Vol. 25, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-009-9991-8	journal	February 2009
Successful adjunctive use of bacteriophage therapy for treatment of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in a cystic fibrosis patient Law, Nancy; Logan, Cathy; Yung, Gordon Infection, Vol. 47, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s15010-019-01319-0	journal	May 2019
Antibiotic resistance of bacteria in biofilms Stewart, Philip S.; William Costerton, J. The Lancet, Vol. 358, Issue 9276 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(01)05321-1	journal	July 2001
Georgia: an unlikely stronghold for bacteriophage therapy Parfitt, Tom The Lancet, Vol. 365, Issue 9478 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66759-1	journal	June 2005
Rapid coliphage detection assay Stanek, James E.; Falkinham, Joseph O. Journal of Virological Methods, Vol. 91, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-0934(00)00253-6	journal	January 2001
Extending filamentous phage host range by the grafting of a heterologous receptor binding domain Marzari, Roberto; Sblattero, Daniele; Righi, Massimo Gene, Vol. 185, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1119(96)00623-3	journal	January 1997
Efficacy and tolerability of a cocktail of bacteriophages to treat burn wounds infected by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PhagoBurn): a randomised, controlled, double-blind phase 1/2 trial Jault, Patrick; Leclerc, Thomas; Jennes, Serge The Lancet Infectious Diseases, Vol. 19, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(18)30482-1	journal	January 2019
Attributable deaths and disability-adjusted life-years caused by infections with antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the EU and the European Economic Area in 2015: a population-level modelling analysis Cassini, Alessandro; Högberg, Liselotte Diaz; Plachouras, Diamantis The Lancet Infectious Diseases, Vol. 19, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(18)30605-4	journal	January 2019
Bacteriophage-antibiotic synergism to control planktonic and biofilm producing clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Nouraldin, Amina Amal Mahmoud; Baddour, Manal Mohammad; Harfoush, Reem Abdel Hameed Alexandria Journal of Medicine, Vol. 52, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajme.2015.05.002	journal	June 2016
Multiplication of therapeutically administered bacteriophages in Pseudomonas aeruginosa infected patients Marza, J. A. Sivera; Soothill, J. S.; Boydell, P. Burns, Vol. 32, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2006.02.012	journal	August 2006
A Host-Produced Quorum-Sensing Autoinducer Controls a Phage Lysis-Lysogeny Decision Silpe, Justin E.; Bassler, Bonnie L. Cell, Vol. 176, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2018.10.059	journal	January 2019
Engineering Modular Viral Scaffolds for Targeted Bacterial Population Editing Ando, Hiroki; Lemire, Sebastien; Pires, Diana P. Cell Systems, Vol. 1, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cels.2015.08.013	journal	September 2015
Formulation, stabilisation and encapsulation of bacteriophage for phage therapy Malik, Danish J.; Sokolov, Ilya J.; Vinner, Gurinder K. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, Vol. 249 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2017.05.014	journal	November 2017
Oral Phage Therapy of Acute Bacterial Diarrhea With Two Coliphage Preparations: A Randomized Trial in Children From Bangladesh Sarker, Shafiqul Alam; Sultana, Shamima; Reuteler, Gloria EBioMedicine, Vol. 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.12.023	journal	February 2016
Enhanced alginate microspheres as means of oral delivery of bacteriophage for reducing Staphylococcus aureus intestinal carriage Ma, Yongsheng; Pacan, Jennifer C.; Wang, Qi Food Hydrocolloids, Vol. 26, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2010.11.017	journal	March 2012
Bacteriophage Treatment in a Lung Transplant Recipient Aslam, S.; Yung, G.; Dan, J. The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation, Vol. 37, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healun.2018.01.376	journal	April 2018
Bacteriophage Sb-1 enhances antibiotic activity against biofilm, degrades exopolysaccharide matrix and targets persisters of Staphylococcus aureus Tkhilaishvili, Tamta; Lombardi, Lisa; Klatt, Ann-Brit International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, Vol. 52, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2018.09.006	journal	December 2018
Bacteriophage ϕIBB-PF7A loaded on sodium alginate-based films to prevent microbial meat spoilage Alves, Diana; Marques, Arlete; Milho, Catarina International Journal of Food Microbiology, Vol. 291 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.11.026	journal	February 2019
Effects of storage conditions on the stability of spray dried, inhalable bacteriophage powders Leung, Sharon S. Y.; Parumasivam, Thaigarajan; Gao, Fiona G. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, Vol. 521, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.01.060	journal	April 2017
Alteration of tail fiber protein gp38 enables T2 phage to infect Escherichia coli O157:H7 Yoichi, Masatoshi; Abe, Michiharu; Miyanaga, Kazuhiko Journal of Biotechnology, Vol. 115, Issue 1, p. 101-107 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2004.08.003	journal	January 2005
Detection of somatic coliphages through a bioluminescence assay measuring phage mediated release of adenylate kinase and adenosine 5′-triphosphate Guzmán Luna, Carolina; Costán-Longares, Ana; Lucena, Francisco Journal of Virological Methods, Vol. 161, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2009.05.021	journal	October 2009
Phage therapy as an alternative or complementary strategy to prevent and control biofilm-related infections Pires, Dp; Melo, Ldr; Vilas Boas, D. Current Opinion in Microbiology, Vol. 39 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mib.2017.09.004	journal	October 2017
Quorum Sensing Controls Adaptive Immunity through the Regulation of Multiple CRISPR-Cas Systems Patterson, Adrian G.; Jackson, Simon A.; Taylor, Corinda Molecular Cell, Vol. 64, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2016.11.012	journal	December 2016
Evaluating one health: Are we demonstrating effectiveness? Baum, Sarah E.; Machalaba, Catherine; Daszak, Peter One Health, Vol. 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.onehlt.2016.10.004	journal	June 2017
Phage-antibiotic synergism: a possible approach to combatting Pseudomonas aeruginosa Knezevic, Petar; Curcin, Sanja; Aleksic, Verica Research in Microbiology, Vol. 164, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resmic.2012.08.008	journal	January 2013
Phage therapy against Achromobacter xylosoxidans lung infection in a patient with cystic fibrosis: a case report Hoyle, N.; Zhvaniya, P.; Balarjishvili, N. Research in Microbiology, Vol. 169, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resmic.2018.05.001	journal	November 2018
Bacteriophages—potential for application in wastewater treatment processes Withey, S.; Cartmell, E.; Avery, L. M. Science of The Total Environment, Vol. 339, Issue 1-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.09.021	journal	March 2005
The use of bacteriophages as One-Health approach to reduce multidrug-resistant bacteria Kittler, Sophie; Wittmann, Johannes; Mengden, Ruth Anna Lisa Perihan Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy, Vol. 5 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scp.2016.06.001	journal	June 2017
Sociomicrobiology: the connections between quorum sensing and biofilms Parsek, Matthew R.; Greenberg, E. P. Trends in Microbiology, Vol. 13, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2004.11.007	journal	January 2005
Evolutionary Rationale for Phages as Complements of Antibiotics Torres-Barceló, Clara; Hochberg, Michael E. Trends in Microbiology, Vol. 24, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2015.12.011	journal	April 2016
Phage Therapy: Going Temperate? Monteiro, Rodrigo; Pires, Diana Priscila; Costa, Ana Rita Trends in Microbiology, Vol. 27, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2018.10.008	journal	April 2019
In vivo efficiency evaluation of a phage cocktail in controlling severe colibacillosis in confined conditions and experimental poultry houses Oliveira, Ana; Sereno, Rui; Azeredo, Joana Veterinary Microbiology, Vol. 146, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2010.05.015	journal	December 2010
Extracellular polymeric substances of biofilms: Suffering from an identity crisis Seviour, Thomas; Derlon, Nicolas; Dueholm, Morten Simonsen Water Research, Vol. 151 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2018.11.020	journal	March 2019
Purely Polysaccharide-Based Biofilm Matrix Provides Size-Selective Diffusion Barriers for Nanoparticles and Bacteriophages Dunsing, Valentin; Irmscher, Tobias; Barbirz, Stefanie Biomacromolecules, Vol. 20, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.9b00938	journal	August 2019
Co-evolution with lytic phage selects for the mucoid phenotype of Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25 Scanlan, Pauline Deirdre; Buckling, Angus The ISME Journal, Vol. 6, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2011.174	journal	December 2011
Communication between viruses guides lysis–lysogeny decisions Erez, Zohar; Steinberger-Levy, Ida; Shamir, Maya Nature, Vol. 541, Issue 7638 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature21049	journal	January 2017
Exploiting CRISPR-Cas nucleases to produce sequence-specific antimicrobials Bikard, David; Euler, Chad W.; Jiang, Wenyan Nature Biotechnology, Vol. 32, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.3043	journal	October 2014
Targeting microbial biofilms: current and prospective therapeutic strategies Koo, Hyun; Allan, Raymond N.; Howlin, Robert P. Nature Reviews Microbiology, Vol. 15, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro.2017.99	journal	September 2017
Bacteriophage resistance mechanisms Labrie, Simon J.; Samson, Julie E.; Moineau, Sylvain Nature Reviews Microbiology, Vol. 8, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro2315	journal	March 2010
Revenge of the phages: defeating bacterial defences Samson, Julie E.; Magadán, Alfonso H.; Sabri, Mourad Nature Reviews Microbiology, Vol. 11, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro3096	journal	August 2013
Defining and combating antibiotic resistance from One Health and Global Health perspectives Hernando-Amado, Sara; Coque, Teresa M.; Baquero, Fernando Nature Microbiology, Vol. 4, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-019-0503-9	journal	August 2019
Breakdown of Vibrio cholerae biofilm architecture induced by antibiotics disrupts community barrier function Díaz-Pascual, Francisco; Hartmann, Raimo; Lempp, Martin Nature Microbiology, Vol. 4, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-019-0579-2	journal	October 2019
The pan-immune system of bacteria: antiviral defence as a community resource Bernheim, Aude; Sorek, Rotem Nature Reviews Microbiology, Vol. 18, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41579-019-0278-2	journal	November 2019
Phage diversity, genomics and phylogeny Dion, Moïra B.; Oechslin, Frank; Moineau, Sylvain Nature Reviews Microbiology, Vol. 18, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41579-019-0311-5	journal	February 2020
Engineered bacteriophages for treatment of a patient with a disseminated drug-resistant Mycobacterium abscessus Dedrick, Rebekah M.; Guerrero-Bustamante, Carlos A.; Garlena, Rebecca A. Nature Medicine, Vol. 25, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-019-0437-z	journal	May 2019
Enhanced antibacterial effect of the novel T4-like bacteriophage KARL-1 in combination with antibiotics against multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Jansen, Mathias; Wahida, Adam; Latz, Simone Scientific Reports, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-32344-y	journal	September 2018
Lytic and genomic properties of spontaneous host-range Kayvirus mutants prove their suitability for upgrading phage therapeutics against staphylococci Botka, Tibor; Pantůček, Roman; Mašlaňová, Ivana Scientific Reports, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-41868-w	journal	April 2019
Spatial structure affects phage efficacy in infecting dual-strain biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Testa, Samuele; Berger, Sarah; Piccardi, Philippe Communications Biology, Vol. 2, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-019-0633-x	journal	November 2019
Chromosomal DNA deletion confers phage resistance to Pseudomonas aeruginosa Le, Shuai; Yao, Xinyue; Lu, Shuguang Scientific Reports, Vol. 4, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/srep04738	journal	April 2014
Phage selection restores antibiotic sensitivity in MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa Chan, Benjamin K.; Sistrom, Mark; Wertz, John E. Scientific Reports, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/srep26717	journal	May 2016
Low-level predation by lytic phage phiIPLA-RODI promotes biofilm formation and triggers the stringent response in Staphylococcus aureus Fernández, Lucía; González, Silvia; Campelo, Ana Belén Scientific Reports, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/srep40965	journal	January 2017
Microencapsulation with alginate/CaCO3: A strategy for improved phage therapy Colom, Joan; Cano-Sarabia, Mary; Otero, Jennifer Scientific Reports, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/srep41441	journal	January 2017
Genetic engineering of a temperate phage-based delivery system for CRISPR/Cas9 antimicrobials against Staphylococcus aureus Park, Joo Youn; Moon, Bo Youn; Park, Juw Won Scientific Reports, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/srep44929	journal	March 2017
Dispersing biofilms with engineered enzymatic bacteriophage Lu, T. K.; Collins, J. J. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 104, Issue 27 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0704624104	journal	June 2007
Temperate and lytic bacteriophages programmed to sensitize and kill antibiotic-resistant bacteria Yosef, Ido; Manor, Miriam; Kiro, Ruth Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 112, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1500107112	journal	May 2015
Quorum sensing controls the Pseudomonas aeruginosa CRISPR-Cas adaptive immune system Høyland-Kroghsbo, Nina M.; Paczkowski, Jon; Mukherjee, Sampriti Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 114, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1617415113	journal	November 2016
Cross-genus rebooting of custom-made, synthetic bacteriophage genomes in L-form bacteria Kilcher, Samuel; Studer, Patrick; Muessner, Christina Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 115, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1714658115	journal	January 2018
Spontaneous mutations accumulating in bacteriophage T4 in the complete absence of DNA replication. Drake, J. W. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 55, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.55.4.738	journal	April 1966
The efficacy of bacteriophage as a method of biofilm eradication Tait, K.; Skillman, L. C.; Sutherland, I. W. Biofouling, Vol. 18, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1080/0892701021000034418	journal	January 2002
Phage control of dual species biofilms of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Staphylococcus lentus Sillankorva, Sanna; Neubauer, Peter; Azeredo, Joana Biofouling, Vol. 26, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1080/08927014.2010.494251	journal	June 2010
Characterization of induced Staphylococcus aureus bacteriophage SAP-26 and its anti-biofilm activity with rifampicin Rahman, Marzia; Kim, Shukho; Kim, Sung Min Biofouling, Vol. 27, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1080/08927014.2011.631169	journal	November 2011
Emergence of increased frequency and severity of multiple infections by viruses due to spatial clustering of hosts Taylor, Bradford P.; Penington, Catherine J.; Weitz, Joshua S. Physical Biology, Vol. 13, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1088/1478-3975/13/6/066014	journal	December 2016
Bacteriophages: A Therapy Concept against Multi-Drug–Resistant Bacteria Rohde, Christine; Wittmann, Johannes; Kutter, Elizabeth Surgical Infections, Vol. 19, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1089/sur.2018.184	journal	December 2018
Phage Therapy: Considerations and Challenges for Development Reindel, Rebecca; Fiore, Cara R. Clinical Infectious Diseases, Vol. 64, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/cix188	journal	March 2017
Successful Treatment of Antibiotic-resistant, Poly-microbial Bone Infection With Bacteriophages and Antibiotics Combination Nir-Paz, Ran; Gelman, Daniel; Khouri, Ayman Clinical Infectious Diseases, Vol. 69, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz222	journal	March 2019
Phage treatment of an aortic graft infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa Chan, Benjamin K.; Turner, Paul E.; Kim, Samuel Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health, Vol. 2018, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/emph/eoy005	journal	January 2018
Assessment of Sep1virus interaction with stationary cultures by transcriptional and flow cytometry studies Melo, Luís D. R.; França, Angela; Brandão, Ana FEMS Microbiology Ecology, Vol. 94, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1093/femsec/fiy143	journal	July 2018
P. aeruginosa flow-cell biofilms are enhanced by repeated phage treatments but can be eradicated by phage–ciprofloxacin combination Henriksen, Karoline; Rørbo, Nanna; Rybtke, Morten Levin Pathogens and Disease, Vol. 77, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/femspd/ftz011	journal	March 2019
Giving structure to the biofilm matrix: an overview of individual strategies and emerging common themes Hobley, Laura; Harkins, Catriona; MacPhee, Cait E. FEMS Microbiology Reviews, Vol. 39, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1093/femsre/fuv015	journal	April 2015
Synergistic interaction between phage therapy and antibiotics clears Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in endocarditis and reduces virulence Oechslin, Frank; Piccardi, Philippe; Mancini, Stefano Journal of Infectious Diseases https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiw632	journal	December 2016
Genetic Diversity of Noroviruses Circulating in a Pediatric Cohort in Bangladesh Nelson, Martha I.; Mahfuz, Mustafa; Chhabra, Preeti The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Vol. 218, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiy454	journal	July 2018
Bacteriophage therapy: a regulatory perspective Pelfrene, Eric; Willebrand, Elsa; Cavaleiro Sanches, Ana Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Vol. 71, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkw083	journal	April 2016
Innovations for the treatment of a complex bone and joint infection due to XDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa including local application of a selected cocktail of bacteriophages Ferry, Tristan; Boucher, Fabien; Fevre, Cindy Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Vol. 73, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dky263	journal	July 2018
Refractory Pseudomonas Bacteremia in a 2-Year-Old Sterilized by Bacteriophage Therapy Duplessis, C.; Biswas, B.; Hanisch, B. Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, Vol. 7, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1093/jpids/pix056	journal	July 2017
CRISPR-Cas: an efficient tool for genome engineering of virulent bacteriophages Martel, Bruno; Moineau, Sylvain Nucleic Acids Research, Vol. 42, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gku628	journal	July 2014
Phage Therapy for a Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Craniectomy Site Infection LaVergne, Stephanie; Hamilton, Theron; Biswas, Biswajit Open Forum Infectious Diseases, Vol. 5, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofy064	journal	March 2018
Salvage Debridement, Antibiotics and Implant Retention (“DAIR”) With Local Injection of a Selected Cocktail of Bacteriophages: Is It an Option for an Elderly Patient With Relapsing Staphylococcus aureus Prosthetic-Joint Infection? Ferry, Tristan; Leboucher, Gilles; Fevre, Cindy Open Forum Infectious Diseases, Vol. 5, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofy269	journal	October 2018
Hospital-based Surveillance for Rotavirus Gastroenteritis Among Young Children in Bangladesh: Defining the Potential Impact of a Rotavirus Vaccine Program Satter, Syed M.; Gastanaduy, Paul A.; Islam, Khaleda The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, Vol. 36, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000001381	journal	January 2017
Bacteriophage therapy for refractory Pseudomonas aeruginosa urinary tract infection Khawaldeh, A.; Morales, S.; Dillon, B. Journal of Medical Microbiology, Vol. 60, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.029744-0	journal	July 2011
Disrupting the mixed-species biofilm of Klebsiella pneumoniae B5055 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO using bacteriophages alone or in combination with xylitol Kaur, Sukhmandir; Chhibber, Sanjay; Bansal, Shruti Microbiology, Vol. 161, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.000104	journal	July 2015
Genetic modifications to temperate Enterococcus faecalis phage ϕEf11 that abolish the establishment of lysogeny and sensitivity to repressor, and increase host range and productivity of lytic infection Zhang, H.; Fouts, D. E.; DePew, J. Microbiology, Vol. 159, Issue Pt_6 https://doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.067116-0	journal	June 2013
Site-specific recombination of T2 phage using IP008 long tail fiber genes provides a targeted method for expanding host range while retaining lytic activity Mahichi, Faezeh; Synnott, Aidan John; Yamamichi, Keiko FEMS Microbiology Letters, Vol. 295, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2009.01588.x	journal	June 2009
A controlled clinical trial of a therapeutic bacteriophage preparation in chronic otitis due to antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; a preliminary report of efficacy Wright, A.; Hawkins, C. H.; Änggård, E. E. Clinical Otolaryngology, Vol. 34, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-4486.2009.01973.x	journal	August 2009
Bacterial Biofilms: A Common Cause of Persistent Infections Costerton, J. W. Science, Vol. 284, Issue 5418, p. 1318-1322 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.284.5418.1318	journal	May 1999
Bacteriophage Cocktail for the Prevention of Biofilm Formation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa on Catheters in an In Vitro Model System Fu, Weiling; Forster, Terri; Mayer, Oren Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Vol. 54, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.00669-09	journal	October 2009
Development and Use of Personalized Bacteriophage-Based Therapeutic Cocktails To Treat a Patient with a Disseminated Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Infection Schooley, Robert T.; Biswas, Biswajit; Gill, Jason J. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Vol. 61, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.00954-17	journal	August 2017
Bacteriophage-Mediated Control of a Two-Species Biofilm Formed by Microorganisms Causing Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections in an In Vitro Urinary Catheter Model Lehman, Susan M.; Donlan, Rodney M. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Vol. 59, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.03786-14	journal	December 2014
Bacteriophage Therapy Sulakvelidze, Alexander; Alavidze, Zemphira; Morris, J. Glenn Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Vol. 45, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.45.3.649-659.2001	journal	March 2001
Using Bacteriophages To Reduce Formation of Catheter-Associated Biofilms by Staphylococcus epidermidis Curtin, John J.; Donlan, Rodney M. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Vol. 50, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.50.4.1268-1275.2006	journal	April 2006
Microencapsulation of Bacteriophage Felix O1 into Chitosan-Alginate Microspheres for Oral Delivery Ma, Yongsheng; Pacan, Jennifer C.; Wang, Qi Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Vol. 74, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00246-08	journal	May 2008
Multiplex Fast Real-Time PCR for Quantitative Detection and Identification of cos- and pac-Type Streptococcus thermophilus Bacteriophages del Rio, Beatriz; Martín, María Cruz; Martínez, Noelia Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Vol. 74, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00295-08	journal	June 2008
Vibriophages Differentially Influence Biofilm Formation by Vibrio anguillarum Strains Tan, Demeng; Dahl, Amalie; Middelboe, Mathias Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Vol. 81, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00518-15	journal	April 2015
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Bacteriophage PA1Ø Requires Type IV Pili for Infection and Shows Broad Bactericidal and Biofilm Removal Activities Kim, Shukho; Rahman, Marzia; Seol, Sung Yong Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Vol. 78, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00648-12	journal	June 2012
Bacterial Endospores as Phage Genome Carriers and Protective Shells Gabiatti, Naiana; Yu, Pingfeng; Mathieu, Jacques Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Vol. 84, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01186-18	journal	July 2018
Detection of Bacteriophage-Infected Cells of Lactococcus lactis by Using Flow Cytometry Michelsen, Ole; Cuesta-Dominguez, Álvaro; Albrechtsen, Bjarne Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Vol. 73, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01219-07	journal	October 2007
Inhibition of Biofilm Formation by T7 Bacteriophages Producing Quorum-Quenching Enzymes Pei, Ruoting; Lamas-Samanamud, Gisella R. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Vol. 80, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01434-14	journal	June 2014
Bacteriophages Reduce Experimental Contamination of Hard Surfaces, Tomato, Spinach, Broccoli, and Ground Beef by Escherichia coli O157:H7 Abuladze, Tamar; Li, Manrong; Menetrez, Marc Y. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Vol. 74, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01465-08	journal	August 2008
Bacteriophage Ecology in Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Mixed-Biofilm Communities Kay, Matthew K.; Erwin, Thomas C.; McLean, Robert J. C. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Vol. 77, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01797-10	journal	December 2010
Surface Plasmon Resonance Assay for Real-Time Monitoring of Somatic Coliphages in Wastewaters García-Aljaro, Cristina; Muñoz-Berbel, Xavier; Jenkins, A. Toby A. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Vol. 74, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02806-07	journal	May 2008
Burkholderia cepacia Complex Phage-Antibiotic Synergy (PAS): Antibiotics Stimulate Lytic Phage Activity Kamal, Fatima; Dennis, Jonathan J. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Vol. 81, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02850-14	journal	December 2014
Two Phages, phiIPLA-RODI and phiIPLA-C1C, Lyse Mono- and Dual-Species Staphylococcal Biofilms Gutiérrez, Diana; Vandenheuvel, Dieter; Martínez, Beatriz Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Vol. 81, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.03560-14	journal	March 2015
Reversing Bacterial Resistance to Antibiotics by Phage-Mediated Delivery of Dominant Sensitive Genes Edgar, Rotem; Friedman, Nir; Molshanski-Mor, Shahar Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Vol. 78, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.05741-11	journal	November 2011
Application of direct plaque assay for detection and enumeration of bacteriophages of Bacteroides fragilis from contaminated-water samples. Cornax, R.; Moriñigo, M. A.; Paez, I. G. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Vol. 56, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.56.10.3170-3173.1990	journal	January 1990
Impact of Phages on Two-Species Bacterial Communities Harcombe, W. R.; Bull, J. J. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Vol. 71, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.71.9.5254-5259.2005	journal	September 2005
Emergence of Biofilm-Forming Subpopulations upon Exposure of Escherichia coli to Environmental Bacteriophages Lacqua, Andrea; Wanner, Oskar; Colangelo, Teresa Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Vol. 72, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.72.1.956-959.2006	journal	January 2006
Vibrio cholerae Outer Membrane Vesicles Inhibit Bacteriophage Infection Reyes-Robles, Tamara; Dillard, Rebecca S.; Cairns, Lynne S. Journal of Bacteriology, Vol. 200, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.00792-17	journal	April 2018
Comparative Genome Analysis of Listeria Bacteriophages Reveals Extensive Mosaicism, Programmed Translational Frameshifting, and a Novel Prophage Insertion Site Dorscht, Julia; Klumpp, Jochen; Bielmann, Regula Journal of Bacteriology, Vol. 191, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.01041-09	journal	September 2009
pIIICTX, a Predicted CTXφ Minor Coat Protein, Can Expand the Host Range of Coliphage fd To Include Vibrio cholerae Heilpern, Andrew J.; Waldor, Matthew K. Journal of Bacteriology, Vol. 185, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.185.3.1037-1044.2003	journal	February 2003
Origins and Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance Davies, J.; Davies, D. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, Vol. 74, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1128/MMBR.00016-10	journal	August 2010
Genetically Engineered Phages: a Review of Advances over the Last Decade Pires, Diana P.; Cleto, Sara; Sillankorva, Sanna Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, Vol. 80, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1128/MMBR.00069-15	journal	June 2016
Phage Inhibit Pathogen Dissemination by Targeting Bacterial Migrants in a Chronic Infection Model Darch, Sophie E.; Kragh, Kasper N.; Abbott, Evelyn A. mBio, Vol. 8, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00240-17	journal	April 2017
A Quorum-Sensing-Induced Bacteriophage Defense Mechanism Høyland-Kroghsbo, Nina Molin; Mærkedahl, Rasmus Baadsgaard; Svenningsen, Sine Lo mBio, Vol. 4, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00362-12	journal	February 2013
Quorum Sensing Determines the Choice of Antiphage Defense Strategy in Vibrio anguillarum Tan, Demeng; Svenningsen, Sine Lo; Middelboe, Mathias mBio, Vol. 6, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00627-15	journal	June 2015
Bacterial Quorum-Sensing Network Architectures Ng, Wai-Leung; Bassler, Bonnie L. Annual Review of Genetics, Vol. 43, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-genet-102108-134304	journal	December 2009
Microbial Biofilms Costerton, J. W.; Lewandowski, Z.; Caldwell, D. E. Annual Review of Microbiology, Vol. 49, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.mi.49.100195.003431	journal	October 1995
Direct Quantitative Detection and Identification of Lactococcal Bacteriophages from Milk and Whey by Real-Time PCR: Application for the Detection of Lactococcal Bacteriophages in Goat's Raw Milk Whey in France Ly-Chatain, Mai Huong; Durand, Loïc; Rigobello, Véronique International Journal of Microbiology, Vol. 2011 https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/594369	journal	January 2011
Isolation and Characterization of a Lytic Bacteriophage (vB_PmiS-TH) and Its Application in Combination with Ampicillin against Planktonic and Biofilm Forms of *Proteus mirabilis* Isolated from Urinary Tract Infection Yazdi, Mahsa; Bouzari, Majid; Ghaemi, Ezzat Allah Journal of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Vol. 28, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1159/000487137	journal	January 2018
Contribution of bacterial outer membrane vesicles to innate bacterial defense Manning, Andrew J.; Kuehn, Meta J. BMC Microbiology, Vol. 11, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2180-11-258	journal	January 2011
Inhibiting biofilm formation by Klebsiella pneumoniae B5055 using an iron antagonizing molecule and a bacteriophage Chhibber, Sanjay; Nag, Deepika; Bansal, Shruti BMC Microbiology, Vol. 13, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2180-13-174	journal	January 2013
Use of bacteriophages in the treatment of colistin-only-sensitive Pseudomonas aeruginosa septicaemia in a patient with acute kidney injury—a case report Jennes, Serge; Merabishvili, Maia; Soentjens, Patrick Critical Care, Vol. 21, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-017-1709-y	journal	June 2017
Bacteriophage therapy of venous leg ulcers in humans: results of a phase I safety trial Rhoads, D. D.; Wolcott, R. D.; Kuskowski, M. A. Journal of Wound Care, Vol. 18, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.12968/jowc.2009.18.6.42801	journal	June 2009
Nongenetic Individuality in the Host–Phage Interaction Pearl, Sivan; Gabay, Chana; Kishony, Roy PLoS Biology, Vol. 6, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0060120	journal	May 2008
Quality-Controlled Small-Scale Production of a Well-Defined Bacteriophage Cocktail for Use in Human Clinical Trials Merabishvili, Maya; Pirnay, Jean-Paul; Verbeken, Gilbert PLoS ONE, Vol. 4, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0004944	journal	March 2009
Bacteriophage-Resistant Mutants in Yersinia pestis: Identification of Phage Receptors and Attenuation for Mice Filippov, Andrey A.; Sergueev, Kirill V.; He, Yunxiu PLoS ONE, Vol. 6, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0025486	journal	September 2011
Synergy and Order Effects of Antibiotics and Phages in Killing Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms Chaudhry, Waqas Nasir; Concepción-Acevedo, Jeniffer; Park, Taehyun PLOS ONE, Vol. 12, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0168615	journal	January 2017
Stability of bacteriophages in burn wound care products Merabishvili, Maia; Monserez, Riet; van Belleghem, Jonas PLOS ONE, Vol. 12, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0182121	journal	July 2017
Comparative analysis of different preservation techniques for the storage of Staphylococcus phages aimed for the industrial development of phage-based antimicrobial products González-Menéndez, Eva; Fernández, Lucía; Gutiérrez, Diana PLOS ONE, Vol. 13, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0205728	journal	October 2018
Adjunct phage treatment enhances the effectiveness of low antibiotic concentration against Staphylococcus aureus biofilms in vitro Dickey, James; Perrot, Véronique PLOS ONE, Vol. 14, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209390	journal	January 2019
Fast phage detection and quantification: An optical density-based approach Rajnovic, Denis; Muñoz-Berbel, Xavier; Mas, Jordi PLOS ONE, Vol. 14, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0216292	journal	May 2019
Phage resistance at the cost of virulence: Listeria monocytogenes serovar 4b requires galactosylated teichoic acids for InlB-mediated invasion Sumrall, Eric T.; Shen, Yang; Keller, Anja P. PLOS Pathogens, Vol. 15, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1008032	journal	October 2019
Regulating phage therapy: The biological master file concept could help to overcome regulatory challenge of personalized medicines Fauconnier, Alan EMBO reports, Vol. 18, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.15252/embr.201643250	journal	December 2016
Antibiotic resistance threats in the United States, 2019 Cdc, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention https://doi.org/10.15620/cdc:82532	report	January 2019
Phage approved in food, why not as a therapeutic? Sarhan, Wessam A.; Azzazy, Hassan ME Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, Vol. 13, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1586/14787210.2015.990383	journal	November 2014
Corneal Infection Therapy with Topical Bacteriophage Administration Fadlallah, Ali; Chelala, Elias; Legeais, Jean-Marc The Open Ophthalmology Journal, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.2174/1874364101509010167	journal	November 2015
Bacteriophage Therapy: Clinical Trials and Regulatory Hurdles Furfaro, Lucy L.; Payne, Matthew S.; Chang, Barbara J. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Vol. 8 https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2018.00376	journal	October 2018
Fighting Pathogenic Bacteria on Two Fronts: Phages and Antibiotics as Combined Strategy Tagliaferri, Thaysa Leite; Jansen, Mathias; Horz, Hans-Peter Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Vol. 9 https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2019.00022	journal	February 2019
Phage Therapy in a 16-Year-Old Boy with Netherton Syndrome Zhvania, Pikria; Hoyle, Naomi Sulinger; Nadareishvili, Lia Frontiers in Medicine, Vol. 4 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2017.00094	journal	July 2017
Clostridium difficile phages: still difficult? Hargreaves, Katherine R.; Clokie, Martha R. J. Frontiers in Microbiology, Vol. 5 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2014.00184	journal	April 2014
Virulence reduction in bacteriophage resistant bacteria León, Marcela; Bastías, Roberto Frontiers in Microbiology, Vol. 06 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.00343	journal	April 2015
Role of the Pre-neck Appendage Protein (Dpo7) from Phage vB_SepiS-phiIPLA7 as an Anti-biofilm Agent in Staphylococcal Species Gutiérrez, Diana; Briers, Yves; Rodríguez-Rubio, Lorena Frontiers in Microbiology, Vol. 6 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.01315	journal	November 2015
Development of a Phage Cocktail to Control Proteus mirabilis Catheter-associated Urinary Tract Infections Melo, Luís D. R.; Veiga, Patrícia; Cerca, Nuno Frontiers in Microbiology, Vol. 7 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01024	journal	June 2016
A Genotypic Analysis of Five P. aeruginosa Strains after Biofilm Infection by Phages Targeting Different Cell Surface Receptors Pires, Diana P.; Dötsch, Andreas; Anderson, Erin M. Frontiers in Microbiology, Vol. 8 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.01229	journal	June 2017
Synergistic Antimicrobial Interaction between Honey and Phage against Escherichia coli Biofilms Oliveira, Ana; Ribeiro, Henrique G.; Silva, Ana C. Frontiers in Microbiology, Vol. 8 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.02407	journal	December 2017
Analysis of Different Parameters Affecting Diffusion, Propagation and Survival of Staphylophages in Bacterial Biofilms González, Silvia; Fernández, Lucía; Gutiérrez, Diana Frontiers in Microbiology, Vol. 9 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.02348	journal	September 2018
Biodistribution of Liposome-Encapsulated Bacteriophages and Their Transcytosis During Oral Phage Therapy Otero, Jennifer; García-Rodríguez, Alba; Cano-Sarabia, Mary Frontiers in Microbiology, Vol. 10 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.00689	journal	April 2019
Bacteriophage Production Models: An Overview García, Rodrigo; Latz, Simone; Romero, Jaime Frontiers in Microbiology, Vol. 10 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.01187	journal	June 2019
The Removal of Endo- and Enterotoxins From Bacteriophage Preparations Hietala, Ville; Horsma-Heikkinen, Jenni; Carron, Annelie Frontiers in Microbiology, Vol. 10 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.01674	journal	July 2019
Robust Approaches for the Production of Active Ingredient and Drug Product for Human Phage Therapy Mutti, Michele; Corsini, Lorenzo Frontiers in Microbiology, Vol. 10 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.02289	journal	October 2019
Bacteriophages and Biofilms Harper, David; Parracho, Helena; Walker, James Antibiotics, Vol. 3, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics3030270	journal	June 2014
Phage-Bacterial Dynamics with Spatial Structure: Self Organization around Phage Sinks Can Promote Increased Cell Densities Bull, James; Christensen, Kelly; Scott, Carly Antibiotics, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics7010008	journal	January 2018
Silk Route to the Acceptance and Re-Implementation of Bacteriophage Therapy—Part II Sybesma, Wilbert; Rohde, Christine; Bardy, Pavol Antibiotics, Vol. 7, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics7020035	journal	April 2018
Resolving Digital Staphylococcal Osteomyelitis Using Bacteriophage—A Case Report Fish, Randolph; Kutter, Elizabeth; Bryan, Daniel Antibiotics, Vol. 7, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics7040087	journal	October 2018
Synergistic Action of Phage and Antibiotics: Parameters to Enhance the Killing Efficacy Against Mono and Dual-Species Biofilms Akturk, Ergun; Oliveira, Hugo; Santos, Sílvio B. Antibiotics, Vol. 8, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics8030103	journal	July 2019
The Perfect Bacteriophage for Therapeutic Applications—A Quick Guide Fernández, Lucía; Gutiérrez, Diana; García, Pilar Antibiotics, Vol. 8, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics8030126	journal	August 2019
Opportunistic Premise Plumbing Pathogens: Increasingly Important Pathogens in Drinking Water Falkinham, Joseph; Pruden, Amy; Edwards, Marc Pathogens, Vol. 4, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens4020373	journal	June 2015
The Magistral Phage Pirnay, Jean-Paul; Verbeken, Gilbert; Ceyssens, Pieter-Jan Viruses, Vol. 10, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3390/v10020064	journal	February 2018
Resistance Development to Bacteriophages Occurring during Bacteriophage Therapy Oechslin, Frank Viruses, Vol. 10, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.3390/v10070351	journal	June 2018
Processing Phage Therapy Requests in a Brussels Military Hospital: Lessons Identified Djebara, Sarah; Maussen, Christiane; De Vos, Daniel Viruses, Vol. 11, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.3390/v11030265	journal	March 2019
Phage Therapy Regulation: From Night to Dawn Fauconnier, Alan Viruses, Vol. 11, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.3390/v11040352	journal	April 2019
Effect of Bacteriophage Infection in Combination with Tobramycin on the Emergence of Resistance in Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms Coulter, Lindsey; McLean, Robert; Rohde, Rodney Viruses, Vol. 6, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.3390/v6103778	journal	October 2014
Phages in nature Clokie, Martha R. J.; Millard, Andrew D.; Letarov, Andrey V. Bacteriophage, Vol. 1, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.4161/bact.1.1.14942	journal	January 2011
Phage-based biocontrol strategies to reduce foodborne pathogens in foods Goodridge, Lawrence D.; Bisha, Bledar Bacteriophage, Vol. 1, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.4161/bact.1.3.17629	journal	May 2011
Development of a high throughput assay for indirectly measuring phage growth using the OmniLog ^TM system Henry, Matthew; Biswas, Biswajit; Vincent, Leah Bacteriophage, Vol. 2, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.4161/bact.21440	journal	July 2012
The role of regulated clinical trials in the development of bacteriophage therapeutics Parracho, Helena MRT; Burrowes, Ben H.; Enright, Mark C. Journal of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Vol. 06, Issue 01 https://doi.org/10.4172/1747-0862.1000050	journal	January 2012
Synergy as a rationale for phage therapy using phage cocktails Schmerer, Matthew; Molineux, Ian J.; Bull, James J. PeerJ, Vol. 2 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.590	journal	January 2014

Similar Records

The clinical path to deliver encapsulated phages and lysins

Journal Article · Mon Mar 29 20:00:00 EDT 2021 · FEMS Microbiology Reviews · OSTI ID:1825152

Phage therapy: From biological mechanisms to future directions

Journal Article · Wed Jan 04 19:00:00 EST 2023 · Cell · OSTI ID:1972189

Current challenges and future opportunities of phage therapy

Citation Formats

References (173)

Similar Records

Related Subjects