Skip to main content
OSTI.GOVU.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information
U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information
 

Femtosecond X-ray Diffraction of Laser-shocked Forsterite (Mg2SiO4) to 122 GPa

Journal Article · · Journal of Geophysical Research. Solid Earth
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1029/2020jb020337· OSTI ID:1730937
 [1];  [2];  [3];  [4];  [5];  [6];  [7];  [8];  [9];  [10];  [11];  [7];  [12];  [12];  [12];  [3];  [13];  [3];  [11]
  1. Princeton Univ., NJ (United States); Princeton University
  2. Princeton Univ., NJ (United States); Carnegie Inst. of Science, Washington, DC (United States). Earth and Planets Lab.
  3. Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
  4. SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
  5. Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
  6. Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States). Center for Advanced Radiation Sources (CARS)
  7. European X-ray Free-Electron Laser (XFEL), Schenefeld (Germany)
  8. GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences,Telegrafenberg, Potsdam (Germany)
  9. Princeton Univ., NJ (United States); Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, MD (United States)
  10. Princeton Univ., NJ (United States); CanmetMINING, Natural Resources Canada, Ottawa, ON (Canada)
  11. Princeton Univ., NJ (United States)
  12. SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States). Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS)
  13. California Institute of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States)
+ Show Author Affiliations

The response of forsterite, Mg2SiO4, under dynamic compression is of fundamental importance for understanding its phase transformations and high-pressure behavior. Here, we have carried out an in situ X-ray diffraction study of laser-shocked polycrystalline and single-crystal forsterite from 19 to 122 GPa using the Matter in Extreme Conditions end-station of the Linac Coherent Light Source. Under laser-based shock loading, forsterite does not transform to the high-pressure equilibrium assemblage of MgSiO3 bridgmanite and MgO periclase, as has been suggested previously. Instead, we observe forsterite and forsterite III, a metastable polymorph of Mg2SiO4, coexisting in a mixed-phase region from 33 to 75 GPa for both polycrystalline and single-crystal samples. Densities inferred from X-ray diffraction are consistent with earlier gas-gun shock data. At higher stress, the response is sample-dependent. Polycrystalline samples undergo amorphization above 79 GPa. For [010]- and [001]-oriented crystals, a mixture of crystalline and amorphous material is observed to 108 GPa, whereas the [100]-oriented forsterite adopts an unknown phase at 122 GPa. The first two sharp diffraction peaks of amorphous Mg2SiO4 show a similar trend with compression as those observed for MgSiO3 in both recent static- and laser-driven shock experiments. This study provides new insight into the transformation of forsterite under nanosecond-duration shock loading. This work emphasizes the importance of formation of metastable phases along the Hugoniot and adds to evidence that the 300-K single-crystal diamond anvil cell experiments have relevance for understanding structures formed under shock compression. In particular, the metastable phase forsterite III has now been shown to form under dynamic compression from 10s to 100s of nanoseconds as well as under 300-K static compression. Upon compression to higher pressures, Mg2SiO4 transforms to an amorphous phase. These results have broad relevance for understanding the behavior of silicates under dynamic compression.

Research Organization:
Princeton Univ., NJ (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Fusion Energy Sciences (FES); National Science Foundation (NSF); German Research Foundation (DFG)
Grant/Contract Number:
SC0018925; AC52-07NA27344; AC02-76SF00515
OSTI ID:
1730937
Alternate ID(s):
OSTI ID: 1874869
OSTI ID: 1778956
OSTI ID: 1786241
Journal Information:
Journal of Geophysical Research. Solid Earth, Journal Name: Journal of Geophysical Research. Solid Earth Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 126; ISSN 2169-9313
Publisher:
American Geophysical UnionCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

References (61)

Femtosecond X-ray Diffraction of Laser-shocked Forsterite (Mg2SiO4) to 122 GPa dataset January 2020
Effects of Friction and Plastic Deformation in Shock‐Comminuted Damaged Rocks on Impact Heating journal January 2018
In situ diffraction studies of magnesium silicate liquids journal July 2008
Shock-induced planar deformation structures in experimentally shock-loaded olivines and in olivines from chondritic meteorites journal January 1969
Olivine composition in chondrites journal October 1963
Phase transformations and their bearing on the constitution and dynamics of the mantle journal August 1991
HYADES—A plasma hydrodynamics code for dense plasma studies journal January 1994
Pressure induced amorphization of materials journal January 1996
Laser shock experiments with nanoseconds pulses: a new tool for the reproduction of shock defects in olivine journal November 1999
Shock-wave compression of brittle solids journal August 1998
Mg2SiO4 liquid under high pressure from molecular dynamics journal November 2008
Thermodynamics, structure, dynamics, and freezing of Mg2SiO4 liquid at high pressure journal March 2008
High pressure x-ray diffraction measurements on Mg2SiO4 glass journal July 2011
High-pressure phase transitions of forsterite from first-principles journal January 2020
Pixel array detector for X-ray free electron laser experiments
  • Philipp, Hugh T.; Hromalik, Marianne; Tate, Mark
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 649, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2010.11.189
journal September 2011
Phase transitions in orthopyroxene (En90) to 49 GPa from single-crystal X-ray diffraction journal July 2015
Physics of the Earth book January 2008
Thermodynamic properties of Mg 2 SiO 4 liquid at ultra-high pressures from shock measurements to 200 GPa on forsterite and wadsleyite journal January 2007
P - V - T equation of state of MgSiO 3 perovskite based on the MgO pressure scale: A comprehensive reference for mineralogy of the lower mantle journal June 2012
In Situ Observations of Phase Changes in Shock Compressed Forsterite journal August 2018
Direct Observation of Shock‐Induced Disordering of Enstatite Below the Melting Temperature journal August 2020
Hugoniot sound velocities and phase transformations in two silicates journal December 1975
Shock wave compression of single-crystal forsterite journal January 1979
Shock effects in olivine and implications for Hugoniot data journal January 1980
Shock compression measurements of single-crystal forsterite in the pressure range 15-93 GPa journal July 1981
Shock compression of single-crystal forsterite journal November 1983
Shock loading of single-crystal olivine in the 100–200 GPa range journal January 1986
The system Mg 2 SiO 4 -Fe 2 SiO 4 at high pressures and temperatures: Precise determination of stabilities of olivine, modified spinel, and spinel journal November 1989
Theoretical and experimental evidence for a post-perovskite phase of MgSiO3 in Earth's D″ layer journal July 2004
The building blocks of planets within the ‘terrestrial’ region of protoplanetary disks journal November 2004
Phase transition lowering in dynamically compressed silicon journal September 2018
Experimental and theoretical thermal equations of state of MgSiO3 post-perovskite at multi-megabar pressures journal March 2016
Various damage mechanisms in carbon and silicon materials under femtosecond X-ray irradiation journal January 2018
Spall fracture properties of aluminum and magnesium at high temperatures journal June 1996
High strain-rate plastic flow in Al and Fe journal December 2011
Shock compression of aluminum single crystals to 70 GPa: Role of crystalline anisotropy journal October 2013
Shock drive capabilities of a 30-Joule laser at the matter in extreme conditions hutch of the Linac Coherent Light Source journal October 2017
Shock induced amorphization of materials
  • Sikka, S. K.; Gupta, Satish C.
  • The tenth American Physical Society topical conference on shock compression of condensed matter, AIP Conference Proceedings https://doi.org/10.1063/1.55478
conference January 1998
Observation of femtosecond X-ray interactions with matter using an X-ray–X-ray pump–probe scheme journal January 2016
Pressure-induced structural change in MgSiO 3 glass at pressures near the Earth’s core–mantle boundary journal February 2018
In situ X-ray diffraction of silicate liquids and glasses under dynamic and static compression to megabar pressures journal May 2020
DIOPTAS : a program for reduction of two-dimensional X-ray diffraction data and data exploration journal May 2015
Pressure-driven transformation of the ordering in amorphous network-forming materials journal June 2016
I n   s i t u observation of a phase transition in silicon carbide under shock compression using pulsed x-ray diffraction journal June 2019
Nonisentropic Release of a Shocked Solid journal December 2019
The Matter in Extreme Conditions instrument at the Linac Coherent Light Source journal April 2015
Dynamic tensile strength of terrestrial rocks and application to impact cratering journal February 2004
Discovery of Ancient Silicate Stardust in a Meteorite journal March 2004
Olivine and Pyroxene Diversity in the Crust of Mars journal March 2005
The Structure of Iron in Earth's Inner Core journal October 2010
Association Reaction in Forsterite Under Shock Compression journal October 1981
Solidus of Earth's Deep Mantle journal July 1998
Volume thermal expansion and related thermophysical parameters in the Mg, Fe olivine solid-solution series [Volume thermal expansion and related thermophysical parameters in the Mg, Fe olivine solid-solution series] journal November 2012
Pressure-induced amorphization of minerals: a review [Pressure-induced amorphization of minerals: a review] journal September 1997
The Upper Mantle and Transition Zone journal June 2008
Structural transition of post-spinel phases CaMn2O4, CaFe2O4, and CaTi2O4 under high pressures up to 80 GPa journal November 2008
Phase transitions and equation of state of forsterite to 90 GPa from single-crystal X-ray diffraction and molecular modeling journal January 2014
Comparative Crystal Chemistry of Dense Oxide Minerals journal January 2000
Comparative Crystal Chemistry of Orthosilicate Minerals journal January 2000
A Raman spectroscopic study of shocked forsterite. journal January 2002
A Metastable Fo-III Wedge in Cold Slabs Subducted to the Lower Part of the Mantle Transition Zone: A Hypothesis Based on First-Principles Simulations journal March 2019

Similar Records

Phase Transitions in (Mg,Fe)2SiO4 Olivine under Shock Compression
Technical Report · Thu Dec 03 23:00:00 EST 2020 · OSTI ID:1730949
Shock wave compression of single-crystal forsterite
Journal Article · Sun Jun 10 00:00:00 EDT 1979 · J. Geophys. Res.; (United States) · OSTI ID:6144066

Related Subjects

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
Hugoniot
Shock compression
olivine
phase transition