Biophysical and Biochemical Characterization of TP0037, a D-Lactate Dehydrogenase, Supports an Acetogenic Energy Conservation Pathway in Treponema pallidum

Deka, Ranjit K.; Liu, Wei Z.; Norgard, Michael V.; Brautigam, Chad A.

doi:10.1128/mbio.02249-20

Biophysical and Biochemical Characterization of TP0037, a D-Lactate Dehydrogenase, Supports an Acetogenic Energy Conservation Pathway in Treponema pallidum

Journal Article · Tue Sep 22 00:00:00 EDT 2020 · mBio (Online)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.02249-20· OSTI ID:1729697

Deka, Ranjit K. ^[1]; Liu, Wei Z. ^[1]; Norgard, Michael V. ^[1]; ^[1]

UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX (United States)

A longstanding conundrum in Treponema pallidum biology concerns how the spirochete generates sufficient energy to fulfill its complex pathogenesis processes during human syphilitic infection. For decades, it has been assumed that the bacterium relies solely on glucose catabolism (via glycolysis) for generation of its ATP. However, the organism’s robust motility, believed to be essential for human tissue invasion and dissemination, would require abundant ATP likely not provided by the parsimony of glycolysis. As such, additional ATP generation, either via a chemiosmotic gradient, substrate-level phosphorylation, or both, likely exists in T. pallidum. Along these lines, we have hypothesized that T. pallidum exploits an acetogenic energy conservation pathway that relies on the redox chemistry of flavins. Central to this hypothesis is the apparent existence in T. pallidum of an acetogenic pathway for the conversion of d-lactate to acetate. Herein we have characterized the structural, biophysical, and biochemical properties of the first enzyme (d-lactate dehydrogenase [d-LDH]; TP0037) predicted in this pathway. Binding and enzymatic studies showed that recombinant TP0037 consumed d-lactate and NAD+ to produce pyruvate and NADH. The crystal structure of TP0037 revealed a fold similar to that of other d-acid dehydrogenases; residues in the cofactor-binding and active sites were homologous to those of other known d-LDHs. The crystal structure and solution biophysical experiments revealed the protein’s propensity to dimerize, akin to other d-LDHs. This study is the first to elucidate the enzymatic properties of T. pallidum’s d-LDH, thereby providing new compelling evidence for a flavin-dependent acetogenic energy conservation (ATP-generating) pathway in T. pallidum.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Contributing Organization:: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Advanced Photon Source (APS)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357

OSTI ID:: 1729697

Journal Information:: mBio (Online), Journal Name: mBio (Online) Journal Issue: 5 Vol. 11; ISSN 2150-7511

Publisher:: American Society for MicrobiologyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: ENGLISH

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