Low Threshold Voltages Electrochemically Drive Gold Migration in Halide Perovskite Devices

Kerner, Ross A.; Zhao, Lianfeng; Harvey, Steven P.; Berry, Joseph J.; Schwartz, Jeffrey; Rand, Barry P.

doi:10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01805

Low Threshold Voltages Electrochemically Drive Gold Migration in Halide Perovskite Devices

Journal Article · Tue Oct 06 00:00:00 EDT 2020 · ACS Energy Letters

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01805· OSTI ID:1721756

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Princeton Univ., NJ (United States); National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
Princeton Univ., NJ (United States)
National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)

The constituent ions of halide perovskite materials are mobile in the solid state and known to participate in reduction/oxidation reactions. Yet few parameters related to electrochemical processes occurring within devices have been carefully determined. Here, we characterize such reactions in model MAPbI3 perovskite devices, and we quantify threshold voltages for key reactions. Gold is oxidized and mobilized under nitrogen, in the dark, at the MAPbI3/Au interface at 0.8 V. When this interface is buffered with the organic hole transport material (HTM), 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenylamino)-9,9'-spirobifluorene, MAPbI3 begins to degrade at 1.2 V; degradation liberates ions that subsequently enable Au migration. Thresholds are insensitive to MAPbI3 thickness or choice of organic HTM or oxide cathode, which suggests that these reactions are driven electrochemically; the electric field across the device is less important. These results have profound implications for understanding in operando degradation pathways of optoelectronic perovskite devices that are varied in terms of interface structures, active material compositions, and ranges of external stressors.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Renewable Power Office. Solar Energy Technologies Office

Grant/Contract Number:: AC36-08GO28308

OSTI ID:: 1721756

Report Number(s):: NREL/JA--5K00-77042; MainId:25005; UUID:fcf5663a-fbbd-42a6-805c-9ff6bdcc2a8f; MainAdminID:18852

Journal Information:: ACS Energy Letters, Journal Name: ACS Energy Letters Journal Issue: 11 Vol. 5; ISSN 2380-8195

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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