Stable Potassium Metal Anodes with an All-Aluminum Current Collector through Improved Electrolyte Wetting

Liu, Pengcheng; Wang, Yixian; Hao, Hongchang; Basu, Swastik; Feng, Xuyong; Xu, Yixin; Boscoboinik, Jorge Anibal; Nanda, Jagjit; Watt, John; Mitlin, David

doi:10.1002/adma.202002908

Stable Potassium Metal Anodes with an All-Aluminum Current Collector through Improved Electrolyte Wetting

Journal Article · Mon Nov 02 00:00:00 EST 2020 · Advanced Materials

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202002908· OSTI ID:1718939

^[1]; Wang, Yixian ^[1]; Hao, Hongchang ^[1]; Basu, Swastik ^[1]; Feng, Xuyong ^[1]; Xu, Yixin ^[2]; ^[2]; ^[3]; ^[4]; ^[1]

Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX (United States)
Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States). Center for Functional Nanomaterials (CFN)
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States). Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT)

This is the first report of successful potassium metal battery anode cycling with an aluminum-based rather than copper-based current collector. Dendrite-free plating/stripping is achieved through improved electrolyte wetting, employing an aluminum-powder-coated aluminum foil “Al@Al,” without any modification of the support surface chemistry or electrolyte additives. The reservoir-free Al@Al half-cell is stable at 1000 cycles (1950 h) at 0.5 mA cm^-2, with 98.9% cycling Coulombic efficiency and 0.085 V overpotential. The pre-potassiated cell is stable through a wide current range, including 130 cycles (2600 min) at 3.0 mA cm^-2, with 0.178 V overpotential. Al@Al is fully wetted by a 4 m potassium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide-dimethoxyethane electrolyte (θCA = 0°), producing a uniform solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) during the initial galvanostatic formation cycles. On planar aluminum foil with a nearly identical surface oxide, the electrolyte wets poorly (θCA = 52°). This correlates with coarse irregular SEI clumps at formation, 3D potassium islands with further SEI coarsening during plating/stripping, possibly dead potassium metal on stripped surfaces, and rapid failure. The electrochemical stability of Al@Al versus planar Al is not related to differences in potassiophilicity (nearly identical) as obtained from thermal wetting experiments. Additionally, planar Cu foils are also poorly electrolyte-wetted and become dendritic. The key fundamental takeaway is that the incomplete electrolyte wetting of collectors results in early onset of SEI instability and dendrites.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE; USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: 89233218CNA000001; AC05-00OR22725; NA0003525; SC0012704; SC0018074

OSTI ID:: 1718939

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1804158
OSTI ID: 1766995

Report Number(s):: LA-UR--20-23686

Journal Information:: Advanced Materials, Journal Name: Advanced Materials Journal Issue: NA Vol. NA; ISSN 0935-9648

Publisher:: WileyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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25 ENERGY STORAGE
Material Science
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Stable Potassium Metal Anodes with an All-Aluminum Current Collector through Improved Electrolyte Wetting

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