X-ray study of the double source plane gravitational lens system Eye of Horus observed with XMM–Newton
- Graduate School of Natural Science & Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192 Ishikawa, Japan
- SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Sorbonnelaan 2, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Institute of Physics, Laboratory of Astrophysics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Observatoire de Sauverny, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland
- Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, ch. dÉcogia 16, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland
- Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Subaru Telescope, NAOJ, 650 N Aohoku Pl, Hilo, HI 96720, USA
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192 Ishikawa, Japan
- Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, Nishi Ikebukuro 3-34-1, Toshimaku, 171-8501, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Physics, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502 Osaka, Japan
- Department of Physics, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
- Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Post Bag 4, Ganeshkhind, 411 007 Pune, India
- Kavli IPMU (WPI), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, 277-8583 Chiba, Japan
- Kavli IPMU (WPI), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, 277-8583 Chiba, Japan, Research Center for the Early Universe, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-0033 Tokyo, Japan, Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-0033 Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Physical Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526 Hiroshima, Japan
- Department of Physics, Nara Women’s University, Kitauoyanishi-machi, 630-8506 Nara, Japan
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mitaka, 181-8588 Tokyo, Japan
- Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics (ASIAA), No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, 10617 Taipei, Taiwan
- Kavli IPMU (WPI), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, 277-8583 Chiba, Japan, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mitaka, 181-8588 Tokyo, Japan
ABSTRACT
A double source plane (DSP) system is a precious probe for the density profile of distant galaxies and cosmological parameters. However, these measurements could be affected by the surrounding environment of the lens galaxy. Thus, it is important to evaluate the cluster-scale mass for detailed mass modelling. We observed the Eye of Horus, a DSP system discovered by the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Survey (HSC–SSP), with XMM–Newton. We detected two X-ray extended emissions, originating from two clusters, one centred at the Eye of Horus, and the other located ∼100 arcsec north-east to the Eye of Horus. We determined the dynamical mass assuming hydrostatic equilibrium, and evaluated their contributions to the lens mass interior of the Einstein radius. The contribution of the former cluster is $$1.1^{+1.2}_{-0.5}\times 10^{12}\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$$, which is $$21\!-\!76{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$$ of the total mass within the Einstein radius. The discrepancy is likely due to the complex gravitational structure along the line of sight. On the other hand, the contribution of the latter cluster is only $$\sim 2{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$$ on the Eye of Horus. Therefore, the influence associated with this cluster can be ignored.
- Sponsoring Organization:
- USDOE
- OSTI ID:
- 1714385
- Journal Information:
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Journal Name: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Journal Issue: 3 Vol. 491; ISSN 0035-8711
- Publisher:
- Oxford University PressCopyright Statement
- Country of Publication:
- United Kingdom
- Language:
- English
Similar Records
Survey of gravitationally lensed objects in HSC imaging (SuGOHI) – X. Strong lens finding in the HSC-SSP using convolutional neural networks