From particle attachment to space-filling coral skeletons

Sun, Chang-Yu; Stifler, Cayla A.; Chopdekar, Rajesh V.; Schmidt, Connor A.; Parida, Ganesh; Schoeppler, Vanessa; Fordyce, Benjamin I.; Brau, Jack H.; Mass, Tali; Tambutté, Sylvie; Gilbert, Pupa U. P. A.

doi:10.1073/pnas.2012025117

From particle attachment to space-filling coral skeletons

Journal Article · Fri Nov 13 00:00:00 EST 2020 · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2012025117· OSTI ID:1714382

Sun, Chang-Yu; Stifler, Cayla A.; ; Schmidt, Connor A.; ; ; ; Brau, Jack H.; ; ;

Reef-building corals and their aragonite (CaCO ₃ ) skeletons support entire reef ecosystems, yet their formation mechanism is poorly understood. Here we used synchrotron spectromicroscopy to observe the nanoscale mineralogy of fresh, forming skeletons from six species spanning all reef-forming coral morphologies: Branching, encrusting, massive, and table. In all species, hydrated and anhydrous amorphous calcium carbonate nanoparticles were precursors for skeletal growth, as previously observed in a single species. The amorphous precursors here were observed in tissue, between tissue and skeleton, and at growth fronts of the skeleton, within a low-density nano- or microporous layer varying in thickness from 7 to 20 µm. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller measurements, however, indicated that the mature skeletons at the microscale were space-filling, comparable to single crystals of geologic aragonite. Nanoparticles alone can never fill space completely, thus ion-by-ion filling must be invoked to fill interstitial pores. Such ion-by-ion diffusion and attachment may occur from the supersaturated calcifying fluid known to exist in corals, or from a dense liquid precursor, observed in synthetic systems but never in biogenic ones. Concomitant particle attachment and ion-by-ion filling was previously observed in synthetic calcite rhombohedra, but never in aragonite pseudohexagonal prisms, synthetic or biogenic, as observed here. Models for biomineral growth, isotope incorporation, and coral skeletons’ resilience to ocean warming and acidification must take into account the dual formation mechanism, including particle attachment and ion-by-ion space filling.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Chemical Sciences, Geosciences & Biosciences Division

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231; FG02-07ER15899

OSTI ID:: 1714382

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1763680

Journal Information:: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Journal Name: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America; ISSN 0027-8424

Publisher:: National Academy of SciencesCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Amorphous calcium carbonate particles form coral skeletons

Journal Article · Sun Aug 27 20:00:00 EDT 2017 · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · OSTI ID:1377090

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59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
PEEM
aragonite
biomineral
coral skeleton formation
spectromicroscopy

From particle attachment to space-filling coral skeletons

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