Guidelines for performing lignin-first biorefining

Abu-Omar, Mahdi M.; Barta, Katalin; Beckham, Gregg T.; Luterbacher, Jeremy S.; Ralph, John; Rinaldi, Roberto; Román-Leshkov, Yuriy; Samec, Joseph S. M.; Sels, Bert F.; Wang, Feng

doi:10.1039/D0EE02870C

Title: Guidelines for performing lignin-first biorefining

Journal Article · Tue Jan 26 00:00:00 EST 2021 · Energy & Environmental Science

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1039/D0EE02870C· OSTI ID:1712788

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Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, USA
Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, USA, Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge
Laboratory of Sustainable and Catalytic Processing, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
U.S. Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
Department of Chemical Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, USA
Department of Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian

The valorisation of the plant biopolymer lignin is now recognised as essential to enabling the economic viability of the lignocellulosic biorefining industry. In this context, the “lignin-first” biorefining approach, in which lignin valorisation is considered in the design phase, has demonstrated the fullest utilisation of lignocellulose. We define lignin-first methods as active stabilisation approaches that solubilise lignin from native lignocellulosic biomass while avoiding condensation reactions that lead to more recalcitrant lignin polymers. This active stabilisation can be accomplished by solvolysis and catalytic conversion of reactive intermediates to stable products or by protection-group chemistry of lignin oligomers or reactive monomers. Across the growing body of literature in this field, there are disparate approaches to report and analyse the results from lignin-first approaches, thus making quantitative comparisons between studies challenging. To that end, we present herein a set of guidelines for analysing critical data from lignin-first approaches, including feedstock analysis and process parameters, with the ambition of uniting the lignin-first research community around a common set of reportable metrics. These guidelines comprise standards and best practices or minimum requirements for feedstock analysis, stressing reporting of the fractionation efficiency, product yields, solvent mass balances, catalyst efficiency, and the requirements for additional reagents such as reducing, oxidising, or capping agents. Our goal is to establish best practices for the research community at large primarily to enable direct comparisons between studies from different laboratories. The use of these guidelines will be helpful for the newcomers to this field and pivotal for further progress in this exciting research area.

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Research Organization:: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Sustainable Transportation Office. Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER); National Science Foundation (NSF); European Research Council (ERC); National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC36-08GO28308; SC0018409; 1454299; 1721004; 21690080; 21991090

OSTI ID:: 1712788

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1769833

Report Number(s):: NREL/JA-2A00-78122; EESNBY

Journal Information:: Energy & Environmental Science, Journal Name: Energy & Environmental Science Vol. 14 Journal Issue: 1; ISSN 1754-5692

Publisher:: Royal Society of ChemistryCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United Kingdom

Language:: English

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