Relaxation times for Bose-Einstein condensation in axion miniclusters

Kirkpatrick, Kay; Mirasola, Anthony E.; Prescod-Weinstein, Chanda

doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.102.103012

Title: Relaxation times for Bose-Einstein condensation in axion miniclusters

Journal Article · Mon Nov 09 00:00:00 EST 2020 · Physical Review D

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.102.103012· OSTI ID:1708942

Kirkpatrick, Kay; Mirasola, Anthony E.; Prescod-Weinstein, Chanda

We study the Bose condensation of scalar dark matter in the presence of both gravitational and self-interactions. Axions and other scalar dark matter in gravitationally bound miniclusters or dark matter halos are expected to condense into Bose-Einstein condensates called Bose stars. This process has been shown to occur through attractive self-interactions of the axionlike particles or through the field’s self gravitation. We show that in the high-occupancy regime of scalar dark matter, the Boltzmann collision integral does not describe either gravitational or self-interactions, and derive kinetic equations valid for these interactions. We use this formalism to compute relaxation times for the Bose-Einstein condensation, and find that condensation into Bose stars could occur within the lifetime of the Universe. The self-interactions reduce the condensation time only when they are very strong.

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Research Organization:: Univ. of New Hampshire, Durham, NH (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC); National Science Foundation (NSF); Simons Sabbatical Fellowship; Sponsoring Consortium for Open Access Publishing in Particle Physics (SCOAP3)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0020220; PHY-1607611; NSF PHY-1748958; DMS-1254791

OSTI ID:: 1708942

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1853515

Journal Information:: Physical Review D, Journal Name: Physical Review D Vol. 102 Journal Issue: 10; ISSN 2470-0010

Publisher:: American Physical SocietyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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