skip to main content
OSTI.GOV title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Title: Comparison of Quinone-Based Catholytes for Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries and Demonstration of Long-Term Stability with Tetrasubstituted Quinones

Journal Article · · Advanced Energy Materials
 [1];  [1];  [2];  [3];  [4];  [5];  [5];  [1];  [1]
  1. University of Wisconsin-Madison
  2. Sandia National Laboratory
  3. Electrosynthesis Company, Inc.
  4. Electrosynthesis Company Inc.
  5. Iowa State University

Quinones are appealing targets as organic electrolytes for aqueous redox flow batteries (RFBs), but their utility continues to be constrained by limited stability under operating conditions. The present study evaluates the stability of a series water-soluble quinones, with redox potentials ranging from 605–885 mV vs. NHE, under acidic aqueous conditions (1 M H2SO4). Four of the quinones are examined as cathodic electrolytes in an aqueous RFB, paired with anthraquinone-2,7-disulfonate (AQDS) as the anodic electrolyte. The RFB data complement the solution stability measures and show that the most stable electrolyte is a tetrasubstituted quinone containing four sulfonated thioether substituents. The results highlight the importance of substituting all C–H positions of the quinone in order to maximize the quinone stability and set the stage for design of improve organic electrolytes for aqueous RFBs. The authors thank Joseph Fourie for assisting in the synthesis of compound 8. Financial support for this work was provided by the Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences (SSS, TWR, JBG, CWA, YP), with supplemental contributions by the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation (WARF) through the WARF Accelerator Program (YQ and partial support for JBG, CWA, YP). NMR spectroscopy facilities were partially supported by the NSF (CHE-0342998 and CHE-1048642), a UW Madison Instructional Laboratory Modernization Award, and a gift from Paul J. and Margaret M. Bender.

Research Organization:
Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRC) (United States). Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis (CME); Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE
DOE Contract Number:
AC05-76RL01830
OSTI ID:
1706729
Report Number(s):
PNNL-SA-150888
Journal Information:
Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 10, Issue 20
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

References (36)

Electrochemical Energy Storage for Green Grid journal May 2011
Flow Batteries: Current Status and Trends journal September 2015
Which Parameter is Governing for Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries with Organic Active Material? journal March 2019
The Critical Role of Supporting Electrolyte Selection on Flow Battery Cost journal January 2017
The Chemistry of Redox-Flow Batteries journal June 2015
Vanadium, recent advancements and research prospects: A review journal July 2015
Materials and Systems for Organic Redox Flow Batteries: Status and Challenges journal August 2017
Recent developments in organic redox flow batteries: A critical review journal August 2017
Status and Prospects of Organic Redox Flow Batteries toward Sustainable Energy Storage journal August 2019
Quinone 1 e and 2 e /2 H + Reduction Potentials: Identification and Analysis of Deviations from Systematic Scaling Relationships journal November 2016
Computational design of molecules for an all-quinone redox flow battery journal January 2015
Bio-Inspired Electroactive Organic Molecules for Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries. 1. Thiophenoquinones journal September 2015
Molecular engineering of organic electroactive materials for redox flow batteries journal January 2018
A biomimetic high-capacity phenazine-based anolyte for aqueous organic redox flow batteries journal June 2018
Symmetric All-Quinone Aqueous Battery journal May 2019
A metal-free organic–inorganic aqueous flow battery journal January 2014
A New Michael-Reaction-Resistant Benzoquinone for Aqueous Organic Redox Flow Batteries journal January 2017
High-Performance Aqueous Organic Flow Battery with Quinone-Based Redox Couples at Both Electrodes journal January 2016
An Inexpensive Aqueous Flow Battery for Large-Scale Electrical Energy Storage Based on Water-Soluble Organic Redox Couples journal January 2014
An Organic Electroactive Material for Flow Batteries journal February 2016
Understanding and Mitigating Capacity Fade in Aqueous Organic Redox Flow Batteries journal January 2018
A pH‐Neutral, Metal‐Free Aqueous Organic Redox Flow Battery Employing an Ammonium Anthraquinone Anolyte journal November 2019
Novel Quinone-Based Couples for Flow Batteries journal May 2013
The acid-catalysed oligomerisation of p-benzoquinone journal January 1979
Quinone-Mediated Electrochemical O2 Reduction Accessing High Power Density with an Off-Electrode Co-N/C Catalyst journal December 2018
Efficient electrochemical synthesis of robust, densely functionalized water soluble quinones journal January 2020
Oxidation Processes. XIII. 1 The Inhibitory Action of Sulfite and other Compounds in the Autoxidation of Hydroquinone and its Homologs journal February 1939
Novel Catalysis of Hydroquinone Autoxidation with Nitrogen Oxides journal May 1994
Mapping the frontiers of quinone stability in aqueous media: implications for organic aqueous redox flow batteries journal January 2019
The Chemistry of Anthraquinone. journal April 1929
The Chemistry of Esters of Leuco Vat Dyes VI-The Supposed Production of Semiquinone Esters journal February 1966
Utilization of industrial waste liquors from the production of sulphonated derivatives of anthraquinone journal January 1990
Organic Redox Species in Aqueous Flow Batteries: Redox Potentials, Chemical Stability and Solubility journal December 2016
Flow Battery Molecular Reactant Stability Determined by Symmetric Cell Cycling Methods journal January 2018
High Power Density Redox Flow Battery Cells journal May 2013
High-Performance Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries with Graphite Felt Electrodes journal January 2018