Past and present disturbances generate spatial variation in seed predation

Bartel, Savannah L.; Orrock, John L.

doi:10.1002/ecs2.3116

Past and present disturbances generate spatial variation in seed predation

Journal Article · Thu May 14 00:00:00 EDT 2020 · Ecosphere

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3116· OSTI ID:1693427

Bartel, Savannah L. ^[1]; Orrock, John L. ^[2]

Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States); USDA Forest Service-Savannah River
Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States)

Seed survival is a key process for plant populations; variation in the activity and abundance of animals that consume seeds can lead to dramatic shifts in seed fate. Because granivores may respond to contemporary disturbance as well as to enduring changes in habitats caused by past disturbances, understanding seed fate requires studies capable of evaluating how past and present disturbances modify granivore communities, foraging activity, and ultimately, seed predation. Historic agricultural land use and contemporary canopy harvesting are widespread disturbances that could generate large-scale patterns of seed fate by modifying environmental characteristics that determine granivore identity and behavior. Here, to evaluate whether land-use history and canopy harvesting affect seed–animal interactions, we conducted an experiment distributed across 80,000 ha of longleaf pine woodlands that coupled large-scale canopy harvesting at seven 4-ha sites containing both post-agricultural land use and nonagricultural land use in South Carolina, United States. We deployed a total of 28,000 nail-tagged seeds and recovered the tags to quantify seed fate. Past agricultural land use and contemporary canopy harvesting interacted to affect the rate of seed predation. Seed predation rates in harvested sites depended on land-use history: Seed predation was 30% lower in post-agricultural plots than in nonagricultural plots. This interaction was driven by the differential effect of land-use history and canopy harvesting on rodent activity. Camera traps revealed that Sigmodon hispidus only foraged in harvested plots and was most active in nonagricultural plots. In harvested plots, seed removal increased with S. hispidus activity. In unharvested plots, seed removal increased with Sciurus niger activity, but S. niger was not affected by land-use history. In finding that land-use history and canopy harvesting determine the outcomes of seed–animal interactions, we show that understanding patterns of seed predation is contingent upon the interplay of disturbances in both the distant past and recent past. These results suggest that patterns of past land use and present land use may help reconcile the considerable variation in seed fate observed in ecological communities.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: USDA Forest Service-Savannah River, New Ellenton, SC (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Environment, Health, Safety and Security (AU), Office of Environmental Protection and ES&H Reporting

Contributing Organization:: USDA Forest Service-Savannah River

Grant/Contract Number:: EM0003622

OSTI ID:: 1693427

Report Number(s):: 20-02-P; 20-02-P

Journal Information:: Ecosphere, Journal Name: Ecosphere Journal Issue: 5 Vol. 11; ISSN 2150-8925

Publisher:: Ecological Society of AmericaCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES
Quercus nigra
Sigmodon hispidus
canopy harvesting
disturbance
granivory
land-use history
longleaf pine
rodent
seed limitation
seed predation

Past and present disturbances generate spatial variation in seed predation

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