Full Control of Polarization in Ferroelectric Thin Films Using Growth Temperature to Modulate Defects

Weymann, Christian; Lichtensteiger, Céline; Fernandez‐Peña, Stéphanie; Naden, Aaron B.; Dedon, Liv R.; Martin, Lane W.; Triscone, Jean‐Marc; Paruch, Patrycja

doi:10.1002/aelm.202000852

Title: Full Control of Polarization in Ferroelectric Thin Films Using Growth Temperature to Modulate Defects

Journal Article · Tue Oct 27 00:00:00 EDT 2020 · Advanced Electronic Materials

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/aelm.202000852· OSTI ID:1690299

^[1]; Lichtensteiger, Céline ^[1]; Fernandez‐Peña, Stéphanie ^[2];

^[3];

^[4];

^[5]; Triscone, Jean‐Marc ^[1];

^[1]

Department of Quantum Matter Physics University of Geneva 24 Quai Ernest‐Ansermet Geneva 4 CH‐1211 Switzerland
Department of Quantum Matter Physics University of Geneva 24 Quai Ernest‐Ansermet Geneva 4 CH‐1211 Switzerland, School of Chemistry University of St Andrews Fife Scotland KY16 9ST UK
School of Chemistry University of St Andrews Fife Scotland KY16 9ST UK
Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of California at Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720 USA
Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of California at Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720 USA, Materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA

Abstract Deterministic control of the intrinsic polarization state of ferroelectric thin films is essential for device applications. Independently of the well‐established role of electrostatic boundary conditions and epitaxial strain, the importance of growth temperature as a tool to stabilize a target polarization state during thin film growth is shown here. Full control of the intrinsic polarization orientation of PbTiO ₃ thin films is demonstrated—from monodomain up, through polydomain, to monodomain down as imaged by piezoresponse force microscopy—using changes in the film growth temperature. X‐ray diffraction and scanning transmission electron microscopy reveal a variation of c ‐axis related to out‐of‐plane strain gradients. These measurements, supported by Ginzburg–Landau–Devonshire free energy calculations and Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, point to a defect mediated polarization gradient initiated by a temperature dependent effective built‐in field during growth, allowing polarization control not only under specific growth conditions, but ex‐situ, for subsequent processing and device applications.

View Journal Article

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Materials Sciences & Engineering Division; National Science Foundation (NSF); Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC); Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF); USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231; DMR-1708615; EP/R023751/1; EP/L017008/1; 200021_178782

OSTI ID:: 1690299

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1764551; OSTI ID: 1785788

Journal Information:: Advanced Electronic Materials, Journal Name: Advanced Electronic Materials Vol. 6 Journal Issue: 12; ISSN 2199-160X

Publisher:: WileyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (52)

Ferroelectricity in Ultrathin Perovskite Films Fong, Dillon D.; Stephenson, G. Brian; Streiffer, Stephen K. Science, Vol. 304, Issue 5677, p. 1650-1653 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1098252	journal	June 2004
A ferroelectric memristor Chanthbouala, André; Garcia, Vincent; Cherifi, Ryan O. Nature Materials, Vol. 11, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat3415	journal	September 2012
Correcting nonlinear drift distortion of scanning probe and scanning transmission electron microscopies from image pairs with orthogonal scan directions Ophus, Colin; Ciston, Jim; Nelson, Chris T. Ultramicroscopy, Vol. 162 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultramic.2015.12.002	journal	March 2016
Tuning of the Depolarization Field and Nanodomain Structure in Ferroelectric Thin Films Lichtensteiger, Céline; Fernandez-Pena, Stéphanie; Weymann, Christian Nano Letters, Vol. 14, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl404734z	journal	July 2014
Direct Observation of Large Atomic Polar Displacements in Epitaxial Barium Titanate Thin Films Wu, HsinWei; Lu, Sirong; Aoki, Toshihiro Advanced Materials Interfaces, Vol. 7, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.202000555	journal	June 2020
Equilibrium and stability of polarization in ultrathin ferroelectric films with ionic surface compensation Stephenson, G. Brian; Highland, Matthew J. Physical Review B, Vol. 84, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.84.064107	journal	August 2011
Ferroelectric, dielectric and piezoelectric properties of ferroelectric thin films and ceramics Damjanovic, Dragan Reports on Progress in Physics, Vol. 61, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1088/0034-4885/61/9/002	journal	September 1998
Lattice dynamics of ${BaTiO}_{3},$ ${PbTiO}_{3}$ , and ${PbZrO}_{3}$ : A comparative first-principles study Ghosez, Ph.; Cockayne, E.; Waghmare, U. V. Physical Review B, Vol. 60, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.60.836	journal	July 1999
Flexoelectric Effect in Solids Zubko, Pavlo; Catalan, Gustau; Tagantsev, Alexander K. Annual Review of Materials Research, Vol. 43, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-matsci-071312-121634	journal	July 2013
Strain gradients in epitaxial ferroelectrics Catalan, G.; Noheda, B.; McAneney, J. Physical Review B, Vol. 72, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.72.020102	journal	July 2005
Oxygen vacancy kinetics in ferroelectric PbZr0.4Ti0.6O3 Gottschalk, S.; Hahn, H.; Flege, S. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 104, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2988902	journal	December 2008
Observation of room-temperature polar skyrmions Das, S.; Tang, Y. L.; Hong, Z. Nature, Vol. 568, Issue 7752 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1092-8	journal	April 2019
Electrodynamics of ferroelectric films with negative capacitance Luk'yanchuk, I.; Sené, A.; Vinokur, V. M. Physical Review B, Vol. 98, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.98.024107	journal	July 2018
Tunneling Electroresistance Effect in Ferroelectric Tunnel Junctions at the Nanoscale Gruverman, A.; Wu, D.; Lu, H. Nano Letters, Vol. 9, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl901754t	journal	October 2009
Surface charged species and electrochemistry of ferroelectric thin films Domingo, Neus; Gaponenko, Iaroslav; Cordero-Edwards, Kumara Nanoscale, Vol. 11, Issue 38 https://doi.org/10.1039/C9NR05526F	journal	January 2019
Tailoring the Properties of Artificially Layered Ferroelectric Superlattices Dawber, M.; Stucki, N.; Lichtensteiger, C. Advanced Materials, Vol. 19, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200700965	journal	December 2007
Polarization Switching without Domain Formation at the Intrinsic Coercive Field in Ultrathin Ferroelectric ${PbTiO}_{3}$ Highland, Matthew J.; Fister, Timothy T.; Richard, Marie-Ingrid Physical Review Letters, Vol. 105, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.167601	journal	October 2010
Dual-frequency resonance-tracking atomic force microscopy Rodriguez, Brian J.; Callahan, Clint; Kalinin, Sergei V. Nanotechnology, Vol. 18, Issue 47, Article No. 475504 https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/18/47/475504	journal	October 2007
Powder profile refinement of lead zirconate titanate at several temperatures. II. Pure PbTiO ₃ Glazer, A. M.; Mabud, S. A. Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry, Vol. 34, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1107/S0567740878004938	journal	April 1978
Positive Effect of an Internal Depolarization Field in Ultrathin Epitaxial Ferroelectric Films Liu, Guangqing; Chen, Jason; Lichtensteiger, Céline Advanced Electronic Materials, Vol. 2, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/aelm.201500288	journal	November 2015
Flexoelectric Effect in the Reversal of Self-Polarization and Associated Changes in the Electronic Functional Properties of BiFeO ₃ Thin Films Jeon, Byung Chul; Lee, Daesu; Lee, Myang Hwan Advanced Materials, Vol. 25, Issue 39 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201301601	journal	July 2013
Ferroelectric-Based Catalysis: Switchable Surface Chemistry Kakekhani, Arvin; Ismail-Beigi, Sohrab ACS Catalysis, Vol. 5, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.5b00507	journal	June 2015
Nanoscale Bubble Domains and Topological Transitions in Ultrathin Ferroelectric Films Zhang, Qi; Xie, Lin; Liu, Guangqing Advanced Materials, Vol. 29, Issue 46 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201702375	journal	October 2017
Depolarization fields in thin ferroelectric films Mehta, R. R.; Silverman, B. D.; Jacobs, J. T. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 44, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1662770	journal	August 1973
Enhancement of Ferroelectric Polarization Stability by Interface Engineering Lu, H.; Liu, X.; Burton, J. D. Advanced Materials, Vol. 24, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201104398	journal	January 2012
Charged vacancies in ferroelectric PbTiO $_{3}$ : Formation energies, optimal Fermi region, and influence on local polarization Yao, Yanpeng; Fu, Huaxiang Physical Review B, Vol. 84, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.84.064112	journal	August 2011
Negative capacitance in multidomain ferroelectric superlattices Zubko, Pavlo; Wojdeł, Jacek C.; Hadjimichael, Marios Nature, Vol. 534, Issue 7608 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature17659	journal	June 2016
Dynamical atomic charges: The case of $AB O_{3}$ compounds Ghosez, Ph.; Michenaud, J. -P.; Gonze, X. Physical Review B, Vol. 58, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.58.6224	journal	September 1998
Ferroelectric tunnel junctions for information storage and processing Garcia, Vincent; Bibes, Manuel Nature Communications, Vol. 5, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms5289	journal	July 2014
A study of Pb vacancies and Pb-O vacancy pairs in doped Pb0.85Sr0.15 (Zr0.55Ti0.45)O3 ceramics by positron annihilation Dai, G. H.; Lu, P. W.; Huang, X. Y. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, Vol. 2, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00696293	journal	September 1991
The Role of Electrochemical Phenomena in Scanning Probe Microscopy of Ferroelectric Thin Films Kalinin, Sergei V.; Jesse, Stephen; Tselev, Alexander ACS Nano, Vol. 5, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1021/nn2013518	journal	June 2011
Switching spectroscopy piezoresponse force microscopy of ferroelectric materials Jesse, Stephen; Baddorf, Arthur P.; Kalinin, Sergei V. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 88, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2172216	journal	February 2006
Reversible Chemical Switching of a Ferroelectric Film Wang, R. V.; Fong, D. D.; Jiang, F. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 102, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.047601	journal	January 2009
InteractiveXRDFit : a new tool to simulate and fit X-ray diffractograms of oxide thin films and heterostructures Lichtensteiger, Céline Journal of Applied Crystallography, Vol. 51, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600576718012840	journal	October 2018
Ferroelectric Tunnel Memristor Kim, D. J.; Lu, H.; Ryu, S. Nano Letters, Vol. 12, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl302912t	journal	October 2012
Direct evaluation of domain‐wall and intrinsic contributions to the dielectric and piezoelectric response and their temperature dependence on lead zirconate‐titanate ceramics Zhang, Q. M.; Wang, H.; Kim, N. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 75, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.355874	journal	January 1994
Built-in voltage in thin ferroelectric PbTiO ₃ films: the effect of electrostatic boundary conditions Lichtensteiger, Céline; Weymann, Christian; Fernandez-Pena, Stéphanie New Journal of Physics, Vol. 18, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/18/4/043030	journal	April 2016
Observation of polar vortices in oxide superlattices Yadav, A. K.; Nelson, C. T.; Hsu, S. L. Nature, Vol. 530, Issue 7589 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature16463	journal	January 2016
Unexpected Crystal and Domain Structures and Properties in Compositionally Graded PbZr _{1- x} Ti _x O ₃ Thin Films Mangalam, R. V. K.; Karthik, J.; Damodaran, Anoop R. Advanced Materials, Vol. 25, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201204240	journal	January 2013
Dipole moment of a Pb-O vacancy pair in ${PbTiO}_{3}$ Cockayne, Eric; Burton, Benjamin P. Physical Review B, Vol. 69, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.69.144116	journal	April 2004
First-principles study of spontaneous polarization in multiferroic $Bi Fe O_{3}$ Neaton, J. B.; Ederer, C.; Waghmare, U. V. Physical Review B, Vol. 71, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.71.014113	journal	January 2005
Microscopic model of ferroelectricity in stress-free PbTiO₃ ultrathin films Ghosez, Ph.; Rabe, K. M. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 76, Issue 19, p. 2767-2769 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.126469	journal	May 2000
Fundamentals of flexoelectricity in solids Yudin, P. V.; Tagantsev, A. K. Nanotechnology, Vol. 24, Issue 43 https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/24/43/432001	journal	October 2013
Atomap: a new software tool for the automated analysis of atomic resolution images using two-dimensional Gaussian fitting Nord, Magnus; Vullum, Per Erik; MacLaren, Ian Advanced Structural and Chemical Imaging, Vol. 3, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40679-017-0042-5	journal	February 2017
Hybrid reflections from multiple x-ray scattering in epitaxial oxide films Smith, Eva H.; King, Phil D. C.; Soukiassian, Arsen Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 111, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4993477	journal	September 2017
Free-electron gas at charged domain walls in insulating BaTiO3 Sluka, Tomas; Tagantsev, Alexander K.; Bednyakov, Petr Nature Communications, Vol. 4, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms2839	journal	May 2013
Domain wall nanoelectronics Catalan, G.; Seidel, J.; Ramesh, R. Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 84, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.84.119	journal	February 2012
Flexoelectric Control of Defect Formation in Ferroelectric Epitaxial Thin Films Lee, Daesu; Jeon, Byung Chul; Yoon, Aram Advanced Materials, Vol. 26, Issue 29 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201400654	journal	May 2014
Tuning perovskite oxides by strain: Electronic structure, properties, and functions in (electro)catalysis and ferroelectricity Hwang, Jonathan; Feng, Zhenxing; Charles, Nenian Materials Today, Vol. 31 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mattod.2019.03.014	journal	December 2019
Equilibrium Polarization of Ultrathin ${PbTiO}_{3}$ with Surface Compensation Controlled by Oxygen Partial Pressure Highland, M. J.; Fister, T. T.; Fong, D. D. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 107, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.187602	journal	October 2011
Critical thickness for ferroelectricity in perovskite ultrathin films Junquera, Javier; Ghosez, Philippe Nature, Vol. 422, Issue 6931, p. 506-509 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01501	journal	April 2003
Ab initio statistical mechanics of the ferroelectric phase transition in ${PbTiO}_{3}$ Waghmare, U. V.; Rabe, K. M. Physical Review B, Vol. 55, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.55.6161	journal	March 1997

Similar Records

Ferrielectricity in the Archetypal Antiferroelectric, PbZrO₃

Journal Article · Mon Oct 31 00:00:00 EDT 2022 · Advanced Materials · OSTI ID:1690299

Yao, Yulian; Naden, Aaron; Tian, Mengkun; +6 more

Equilibrium and stability of polarization in ultrathin ferroelectric films with ionic surface compensation.

Journal Article · Sat Jan 01 00:00:00 EST 2011 · Phys. Rev. B · OSTI ID:1690299

Stephenson, G B; Highland, M J

Growth phenomena and domain formation in ferroelectric thin films

Miscellaneous · Thu Dec 31 00:00:00 EST 1992 · OSTI ID:1690299

Kwak, Byung-Sung Leo

Related Subjects

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
built‐in voltage
defect dipoles
ferroelectric thin films
lead titanate
polarization control

Title: Full Control of Polarization in Ferroelectric Thin Films Using Growth Temperature to Modulate Defects

Citation Formats

References (52)

Similar Records

Related Subjects