Land application uses for dry flue gas desulfurization by-products. Final report
Technical Report
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OSTI ID:167207
- and others
Phase 1 results of a 4-year study to demonstrate large-volume beneficial uses of FGD by-products are reported. The purpose of the Phase 1 portion of the project was to characterize the chemical, physical, mineralogical and engineering properties of the FGD by-product materials obtained from various FGD technologies being developed in the state of Ohio. Phase 1 also involved the collection of baseline economic data related to the beneficial reuse of these FGD materials (e.g. as an agricultural liming material, soil borrow for highway embankment construction, and for reclamation of active and abandoned surface coal mines). A total of 58 samples were collected and analyzed. Our results indicated the chemical composition of the FGD by-product materials was dominated by Ca, S, Al, and Si, although the specific composition varies from one sample to another. Many of the elements regulated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency reside primarily in the fly ash. The presence of excess sorbent and reaction products causes a dilution of the concentrations of these elements in the FGD by-product materials as compared to the fly ash alone. Concentrations of the eight metals (Ag, As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Hg, Pb, and Se) regulated by the Resource Conservation Recovery Act (RCRA) were below drinking water standards when measured by either the ASTM or TCLP leachate tests. Engineering tests revealed that samples made from the compacted FGD by-product materials were generally higher in strength and had greater stiffness than natural soils typically used in the construction of a highway embankment. Compacted densities were also lower than typical compacted soil densities. These data suggest that FGD by-product materials, used in construction of a highway embankment, would be lighter and require less right-of-way due to the possibility of constructing steeper slopes. Dry FGD by-products can react with water to form ettringite, an expansive hydrated calcium-aluminum hydroxysulfate mineral.
- Research Organization:
- Electric Power Research Inst., Palo Alto, CA (United States); Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH (United States); Ohio Geological Survey, Columbus, OH (United States)
- Sponsoring Organization:
- Electric Power Research Inst., Palo Alto, CA (United States); Ohio State Government, Columbus, OH (United States); USDOE, Washington, DC (United States)
- DOE Contract Number:
- FC21-91MC28060
- OSTI ID:
- 167207
- Report Number(s):
- EPRI-TR--105264
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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