Validation of two-layer model for underexpanded hydrogen jets

Li, Xuefang; Chowdhury, Bikram Roy; He, Qian; Christopher, David M.; Hecht, Ethan S.

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.08.204

Validation of two-layer model for underexpanded hydrogen jets

Journal Article · Fri Oct 09 00:00:00 EDT 2020 · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.08.204· OSTI ID:1671809

^[1]; ^[2]; He, Qian ^[1]; Christopher, David M. ^[3]; Hecht, Ethan S. ^[4]

Shandong Univ., Jinan (China)
Sandia National Lab. (SNL-CA), Livermore, CA (United States); Innovation Campus Delaware, DE (United States)
Tsinghua Univ., Beijing (China)
Sandia National Lab. (SNL-CA), Livermore, CA (United States)

Previous studies have shown that the two-layer model more accurately predicts hydrogen dispersion than the conventional notional nozzle models without significantly increasing the computational expense. However, the model was only validated for predicting the concentration distribution and has not been adequately validated for predicting the velocity distributions. In the present study, particle imaging velocimetry (PIV) was used to measure the velocity field of an underexpanded hydrogen jet released at 10 bar from a 1.5 mm diameter orifice. The two-layer model was the used to calculate the inlet conditions for a two-dimensional axisymmetric CFD model to simulate the hydrogen jet downstream of the Mach disk. The predicted velocity spreading and centerline decay rates agreed well with the PIV measurements. The predicted concentration distribution was consistent with data from previous planar Rayleigh scattering measurements used to verify the concentration distribution predictions in an earlier study. The jet spreading was also simulated using several widely used notional nozzle models combined with the integral plume model for comparison. These results show that the velocity and concentration distributions are both better predicted by the two-layer model than the notional nozzle models to complement previous studies verifying only the predicted concentration profiles. Thus, this study shows that the two-layer model can accurately predict the jet velocity distributions as well as the concentration distributions as verified earlier. Though more validation studies are needed to improve confidence in the model and increase the range of validity, the present work indicates that the two-layer model is a promising tool for fast, accurate predictions of the flow fields of underexpanded hydrogen jets.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Sandia National Laboratories (SNL-CA), Livermore, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Fuel Cell Technologies Program (EE-2H)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC04-94AL85000

OSTI ID:: 1671809

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1809565

Report Number(s):: SAND2020--9264J; 690350

Journal Information:: International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Journal Name: International Journal of Hydrogen Energy Journal Issue: 23 Vol. 46; ISSN 0360-3199

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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