Tin-based ionic chaperone phases to improve low temperature molten sodium–NaSICON interfaces

Gross, Martha M.; Small, Leo J.; Peretti, Amanda S.; Percival, Stephen J.; Rodriguez, Mark A.; Spoerke, Erik D.

doi:10.1039/d0ta03571h

Tin-based ionic chaperone phases to improve low temperature molten sodium–NaSICON interfaces

Journal Article · Wed Aug 05 00:00:00 EDT 2020 · Journal of Materials Chemistry. A

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1039/d0ta03571h· OSTI ID:1670195

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Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)

High temperature operation of molten sodium batteries impacts cost, reliability, and lifetime, and has limited the widespread adoption of these grid-scale energy storage technologies. Poor charge transfer and high interfacial resistance between molten sodium and solid-state electrolytes, however, prevents the operation of molten sodium batteries at low temperatures. In this study, in situ formation of tin-based chaperone phases on solid state NaSICON ion conductor surfaces is shown in this work to greatly improve charge transfer and lower interfacial resistance in sodium symmetric cells operated at 110 °C at current densities up to an aggressive 50 mA cm^–2. It is shown that static wetting testing, as measured by the contact angle of molten sodium on NaSICON, does not accurately predict battery performance due to the dynamic formation of a chaperone NaSn phase during cycling. This work demonstrates the promise of sodium intermetallic-forming coatings for the advancement of low temperature molten sodium batteries by improved mating of sodium–NaSICON surfaces and reduced interfacial resistance.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Sandia National Laboratories (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability (OE); USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC04-94AL85000; NA0003525

OSTI ID:: 1670195

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1645153

Report Number(s):: SAND--2020-6822J; 687127

Journal Information:: Journal of Materials Chemistry. A, Journal Name: Journal of Materials Chemistry. A Journal Issue: 33 Vol. 8; ISSN 2050-7488

Publisher:: Royal Society of ChemistryCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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