Overcoming Redox Reactions at Perovskite-Nickel Oxide Interfaces to Boost Voltages in Perovskite Solar Cells

Boyd, Caleb C.; Shallcross, R. Clayton; Moot, Taylor; Kerner, Ross; Bertoluzzi, Luca; Onno, Arthur; Kavadiya, Shalinee; Chosy, Cullen; Wolf, Eli J.; Werner, Jérémie; Raiford, James A.; de Paula, Camila; Palmstrom, Axel F.; Yu, Zhengshan J.; Berry, Joseph J.; Bent, Stacey F.; Holman, Zachary C.; Luther, Joseph M.; Ratcliff, Erin L.; Armstrong, Neal R.; McGehee, Michael D.

doi:10.1016/j.joule.2020.06.004

Title: Overcoming Redox Reactions at Perovskite-Nickel Oxide Interfaces to Boost Voltages in Perovskite Solar Cells

Journal Article · Sat Aug 01 00:00:00 EDT 2020 · Joule

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2020.06.004· OSTI ID:1814221

Boyd, Caleb C.; Shallcross, R. Clayton; Moot, Taylor; Kerner, Ross; Bertoluzzi, Luca; Onno, Arthur; Kavadiya, Shalinee; Chosy, Cullen; Wolf, Eli J.; Werner, Jérémie; Raiford, James A.; de Paula, Camila; Palmstrom, Axel F.; Yu, Zhengshan J.; Berry, Joseph J.; Bent, Stacey F.; Holman, Zachary C.; Luther, Joseph M.; Ratcliff, Erin L.; Armstrong, Neal R. more »

Nickel oxide (NiO_x) hole transport layers (HTLs) are desirable contacts for perovskite photovoltaics because they are low cost, stable, and readily scalable; however, they deliver lower open-circuit voltages (V_OCs) compared to organic HTLs. Here, we characterize and mitigate electron transfer-proton transfer reactions between NiO_x HTLs and perovskite precursors. Using XPS and UPS characterization, we identify that N^i≥3+ metal cation sites in NiO_x thin films act both as Brønsted proton acceptors and Lewis electron acceptors, deprotonating cationic amines and oxidizing iodide species, forming PbI_2-xBr_x-rich hole extraction barriers at the perovskite-NiO_x interface. Titrating reactive Ni^≥3+ surface states with excess A-site cation salts during perovskite active layer deposition yielded an increase in V_OC values to 1.15 V and power conversion efficiencies of ~20%. This may be a general finding for metal oxide contacts that act as Brønsted and Lewis acid-base reactants toward perovskite precursors, an observation that has also been made recently for TiO₂ and SnO₂ contacts.

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Research Organization:: National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States); Stanford Univ., CA (United States); Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC36-08GO28308; EE0008167; EE0008552; EE0008551

OSTI ID:: 1814221

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1648181; OSTI ID: 1660143; OSTI ID: 1671785; OSTI ID: 1894511

Report Number(s):: NREL/JA-5900-76515; S2542435120302415; PII: S2542435120302415

Journal Information:: Joule, Journal Name: Joule Vol. 4 Journal Issue: 8; ISSN 2542-4351

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 151 works

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14 SOLAR ENERGY
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
perovskite/nickel oxide interfaces
redox reactions
solar cells
voltages

Title: Overcoming Redox Reactions at Perovskite-Nickel Oxide Interfaces to Boost Voltages in Perovskite Solar Cells

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