Extracting nuclear symmetry energies at high densities from observations of neutron stars and gravitational waves

Zhang, Nai-Bo; Li, Bao-An

doi:10.1140/epja/i2019-12700-0

Title: Extracting nuclear symmetry energies at high densities from observations of neutron stars and gravitational waves

Journal Article · Wed Mar 20 00:00:00 EDT 2019 · European Physical Journal. A

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/i2019-12700-0· OSTI ID:1658236

Zhang, Nai-Bo ^[1]; Li, Bao-An ^[2]

Shandong Univ., Weihai (China); Texas A & M Univ., Commerce, TX (United States)
Texas A & M Univ., Commerce, TX (United States)

By numerically inverting the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkov (TOV) equation using an explicitly isospin-dependent parametric Equation of State (EOS) of dense neutron-rich nucleonic matter, a restricted EOS parameter space is established using observational constraints on the radius, maximum mass, tidal deformability and causality condition of neutron stars (NSs). The constraining band obtained for the pressure as a function of energy (baryon) density is in good agreement with that extracted recently by the LIGO+Virgo Collaborations from their improved analyses of the NS tidal deformability in GW170817. Rather robust upper and lower boundaries on nuclear symmetry energies are extracted from the observational constraints up to about twice the saturation density ρ₀ of nuclear matter. More quantitatively, the symmetry energy at 2ρ₀ is constrained to E_sym(2ρ₀)=46.9±10.1 E_sym(2ρ₀) = 46.9 ± 10.1 MeV excluding many existing theoretical predictions scattered between E_sym(2ρ₀)=15 and 100 MeV. Moreover, by studying variations of the causality surface where the speed of sound equals that of light at central densities of the most massive neutron stars within the restricted EOS parameter space, the absolutely maximum mass of neutron stars is found to be 2.40 M_⊙ approximately independent of the EOSs used. Finally, this limiting mass is consistent with findings of several recent analyses and numerical general relativity simulations about the maximum mass of the possible super-massive remanent produced in the immediate aftermath of GW170817. deformability.

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Research Organization:: Texas A & M Univ., Commerce, TX (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP); National Natural Science Foundation (NNSFC)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0013702; SC0009971; 11320101004

OSTI ID:: 1658236

Journal Information:: European Physical Journal. A, Vol. 55, Issue 3; ISSN 1434-6001

Publisher:: SpringerCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 75 works

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Tidal Love numbers of neutron stars Hinderer, Tanja arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.0711.2420	text	January 2007
Recent Progress and New Challenges in Isospin Physics with Heavy-Ion Reactions Li, Bao-An; Chen, Lie-Wen; Ko, Che Ming arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.0804.3580	text	January 2008
Nuclear limits on gravitational waves from elliptically deformed pulsars Krastev, Plamen G.; Li, Bao-An; Worley, Aaron arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.0805.1973	text	January 2008
Nuclear constraints on properties of neutron star crusts Xu, Jun; Chen, Lie-Wen; Li, Bao-An arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.0901.2309	text	January 2009
Imprints of the nuclear symmetry energy on gravitational waves from the axial w-modes of neutron stars Wen, De-Hua; Li, Bao-An; Krastev, Plamen G. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.0902.4702	text	January 2009
Density dependence of the nuclear symmetry energy: a microscopic perspective Vidana, Isaac; Providencia, Constanca; Polls, Artur arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.0907.1165	text	January 2009
Super-soft symmetry energy encountering non-Newtonian gravity in neutron stars Wen, De-Hua; Li, Bao-An; Chen, Lie-Wen arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.0908.1922	text	January 2009
Do we understand the incompressibility of neutron-rich matter? Piekarewicz, J. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.0912.5103	text	January 2009
The Microscopic Approach to Nuclear Matter and Neutron Star Matter Sammarruca, Francesca arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1002.0146	text	January 2010
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Skyrme Interaction and Nuclear Matter Constraints Dutra, M.; Lourenço, O.; Martins, J. S. Sá arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1202.3902	text	January 2012
Constraining the neutron-proton effective mass splitting using empirical constraints on the density dependence of nuclear symmetry energy around normal density Li, Bao-An; Han, Xiao arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1304.3368	text	January 2013
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Comparison of heavy-ion transport simulations: Collision integral in a box Zhang, Ying-Xun; Wang, Yong-Jia; Colonna, Maria arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1711.05950	text	January 2017
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Rapid neutrino cooling in the neutron star MXB 1659-29 Brown, Edward F.; Cumming, Andrew; Fattoyev, Farrukh J. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1801.00041	text	January 2018
Nucleon Effective Masses in Neutron-Rich Matter Li, Bao-An; Cai, Bao-Jun; Chen, Lie-Wen arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1801.01213	text	January 2018
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Delineating Effects of Nuclear Symmetry Energy on the Radii and Tidal Polarizabilities of Neutron Stars Zhang, Nai-Bo; Li, Bao-An arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1808.07955	text	January 2018
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Implications of the Mass $M={2.17}_{-0.10}^{+0.11}$ M _⊙ of PSR J0740+6620 on the Equation of State of Super-dense Neutron-rich Nuclear Matter Zhang, Nai-Bo; Li, Bao-An The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 879, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab24cb	journal	July 2019
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Towards understanding astrophysical effects of nuclear symmetry energy Li, Bao-An; Krastev, Plamen G.; Wen, De-Hua The European Physical Journal A, Vol. 55, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/i2019-12780-8	journal	July 2019
Role of the symmetry energy and the neutron-matter stiffness on the tidal deformability of a neutron star with unified equations of state Perot, L.; Chamel, N.; Sourie, A. Physical Review C, Vol. 100, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.100.035801	journal	September 2019
High-density nuclear symmetry energy extracted from astrophysical observations Li, Bao-An; Krastev, P. G.; Wen, De-Hua XIAMEN-CUSTIPEN WORKSHOP ON THE EQUATION OF STATE OF DENSE NEUTRON-RICH MATTER IN THE ERA OF GRAVITATIONAL WAVE ASTRONOMY, AIP Conference Proceedings https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5117808	conference	January 2019
Relativistic self-energy decomposition of nuclear symmetry energy and equation of state of neutron matter within QCD sum rules Cai, Bao-Jun; Chen, Lie-Wen arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1903.10430	text	January 2019
Effects of the equation of state on the bulk properties of maximally-rotating neutron stars Koliogiannis, P. S.; Moustakidis, Ch. C. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1907.13375	text	January 2019
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