Tracking Transformative Transitions: From CsPbBr3 Nanocrystals to Bulk Perovskite Films

Scheidt, Rebecca A.; Atwell, Corey; Kamat, Prashant V.

doi:10.1021/acsmaterialslett.9b00001

Tracking Transformative Transitions: From CsPbBr₃ Nanocrystals to Bulk Perovskite Films

Journal Article · Tue Mar 12 00:00:00 EDT 2019 · ACS Materials Letters

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmaterialslett.9b00001· OSTI ID:1657797

Scheidt, Rebecca A. ^[1]; Atwell, Corey ^[2]; ^[2]

Univ. of Notre Dame, IN (United States); University of Notre Dame
Univ. of Notre Dame, IN (United States)

The control of grain size and surface properties is an important parameter in controlling the optoelectronic and photovoltaic properties of metal halide perovskites. When CsPbBr₃ nanocrystal (~10 nm in diameter) films were annealed at 100–125 °C, they grow in size to produce ~400 nm diameter crystallites while transforming into bulk perovskite films. Characteristic changes in the optical properties were noted when such transformation occurred from nanocrystals into bulk. By tracking absorbance and emission spectra and morphological changes of CsPbBr₃ films at different annealing times and temperature, we were able to establish the mechanism of particle growth. The presence of nanocrystals and larger crystals during the intermediate annealing steps and narrowing size distribution confirmed the Ostwald ripening mechanism for the crystal growth. The energy of activation of crystal growth as determined from the temperature dependent optical properties was estimated to be 75 kcal/mol.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Univ. of Notre Dame, IN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0014334

OSTI ID:: 1657797

Journal Information:: ACS Materials Letters, Journal Name: ACS Materials Letters Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 1; ISSN 2639-4979

Publisher:: ACS PublicationsCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (41)

High-Efficiency Solution-Processed Inorganic Metal Halide Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes Cho, Himchan; Wolf, Christoph; Kim, Joo Sung Advanced Materials, Vol. 29, Issue 31 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201700579	journal	June 2017
Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Passivation Enables Perovskite QLEDs with an EQE of 16.48% Song, Jizhong; Fang, Tao; Li, Jianhai Advanced Materials, Vol. 30, Issue 50 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201805409	journal	August 2018
Discerning the Surface and Bulk Recombination Kinetics of Organic-Inorganic Halide Perovskite Single Crystals Wu, Bo; Nguyen, Huy Tiep; Ku, Zhiliang Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 6, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201600551	journal	May 2016
Highly Efficient and Stable Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells with Metal Oxides Nanoparticle Charge Extraction Layers Najafi, Mehrdad; Di Giacomo, Francesco; Zhang, Dong Small, Vol. 14, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201702775	journal	February 2018
Synthesis and thermal annealing treatment of octylphosphonic acid-capped CdSe-tetrapod nanocrystals for bulk hetero-junction solar cell applications Truong, Nguyen Tam Nguyen; Trinh, Kieu Thanh; Pham, Viet Thanh Hau Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, Vol. 32, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-014-0300-3	journal	February 2015
Annealing effects on the solution processed CdTe nanocrystals solar cells Gao, Yuping; Zhu, Jiaoyan; Tian, Yiyao Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures, Vol. 60 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physe.2014.01.027	journal	June 2014
Carrier Diffusion Lengths in Hybrid Perovskites: Processing, Composition, Aging, and Surface Passivation Effects Adhyaksa, Gede W. P.; Veldhuizen, Leon W.; Kuang, Yinghuan Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 28, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b00466	journal	July 2016
CsPbBr ₃ Solar Cells: Controlled Film Growth through Layer-by-Layer Quantum Dot Deposition Hoffman, Jacob B.; Zaiats, Gary; Wappes, Isaac Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 29, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.7b03751	journal	November 2017
Evolution of Organic–Inorganic Lead Halide Perovskite from Solid-State Iodoplumbate Complexes Manser, Joseph S.; Reid, Barry; Kamat, Prashant V. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 119, Issue 30 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b05898	journal	July 2015
Structural Phase- and Degradation-Dependent Thermal Conductivity of CH ₃ NH ₃ PbI ₃ Perovskite Thin Films Guo, Zhi; Yoon, Seog Joon; Manser, Joseph S. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 120, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b00513	journal	March 2016
High-Performance Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells on Ultrathin Glass: Implications of the TCO Dou, Benjia; Miller, Elisa M.; Christians, Jeffrey A. The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, Vol. 8, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b02128	journal	September 2017
Trap-Limited Dynamics of Excited Carriers and Interpretation of the Photoluminescence Decay Kinetics in Metal Halide Perovskites Chirvony, Vladimir S.; Martínez-Pastor, Juan P. The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, Vol. 9, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b01241	journal	August 2018
Interfacial Charge Transfer between Excited CsPbBr ₃ Nanocrystals and TiO ₂ : Charge Injection versus Photodegradation Scheidt, Rebecca A.; Kerns, Elisabeth; Kamat, Prashant V. The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, Vol. 9, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02690	journal	September 2018
Fast Anion-Exchange in Highly Luminescent Nanocrystals of Cesium Lead Halide Perovskites (CsPbX ₃ , X = Cl, Br, I) Nedelcu, Georgian; Protesescu, Loredana; Yakunin, Sergii Nano Letters, Vol. 15, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b02404	journal	July 2015
Impact of Crystallographic Orientation Disorders on Electronic Heterogeneities in Metal Halide Perovskite Thin Films Foley, Benjamin J.; Cuthriell, Shelby; Yazdi, Sina Nano Letters, Vol. 18, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b02417	journal	September 2018
Highly Bendable Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells on a Nanoscale Surface Oxide Layer of Titanium Metal Plates Han, Gill Sang; Lee, Seongha; Duff, Matthew Lawrence ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 10, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b16499	journal	January 2018
Perovskite Solar Cells: The Birth of a New Era in Photovoltaics Green, Martin A.; Ho-Baillie, Anita ACS Energy Letters, Vol. 2, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.7b00137	journal	March 2017
Charge-Carrier Mobilities in Metal Halide Perovskites: Fundamental Mechanisms and Limits Herz, Laura M. ACS Energy Letters, Vol. 2, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.7b00276	journal	June 2017
Existence of a Size-Dependent Stokes Shift in CsPbBr ₃ Perovskite Nanocrystals Brennan, Michael C.; Zinna, Jessica; Kuno, Masaru ACS Energy Letters, Vol. 2, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.7b00383	journal	June 2017
Dot–Wire–Platelet–Cube: Step Growth and Structural Transformations in CsPbBr ₃ Perovskite Nanocrystals Peng, Lucheng; Dutta, Anirban; Xie, Renguo ACS Energy Letters, Vol. 3, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.8b01037	journal	July 2018
High-Efficiency Polycrystalline Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes Based on Mixed Cations Cho, Himchan; Kim, Joo Sung; Wolf, Christoph ACS Nano, Vol. 12, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.8b00409	journal	February 2018
Tuning the Optical Properties of Cesium Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals by Anion Exchange Reactions Akkerman, Quinten A.; D’Innocenzo, Valerio; Accornero, Sara Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 137, Issue 32 https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.5b05602	journal	August 2015
Solution Synthesis Approach to Colloidal Cesium Lead Halide Perovskite Nanoplatelets with Monolayer-Level Thickness Control Akkerman, Quinten A.; Motti, Silvia Genaro; Srimath Kandada, Ajay Ram Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 138, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.5b12124	journal	January 2016
Unravelling the Effects of Grain Boundary and Chemical Doping on Electron–Hole Recombination in CH ₃ NH ₃ PbI ₃ Perovskite by Time-Domain Atomistic Simulation Long, Run; Liu, Jin; Prezhdo, Oleg V. Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 138, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.6b00645	journal	March 2016
Transformation of Sintered CsPbBr ₃ Nanocrystals to Cubic CsPbI ₃ and Gradient CsPbBr _x I _{3– x} through Halide Exchange Hoffman, Jacob B.; Schleper, A. Lennart; Kamat, Prashant V. Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 138, Issue 27 https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.6b04661	journal	June 2016
Origin of the Size-Dependent Stokes Shift in CsPbBr ₃ Perovskite Nanocrystals Brennan, Michael C.; Herr, John E.; Nguyen-Beck, Triet S. Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 139, Issue 35 https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.7b05683	journal	August 2017
Modulation of Charge Recombination in CsPbBr ₃ Perovskite Films with Electrochemical Bias Scheidt, Rebecca A.; Samu, Gergely F.; Janáky, Csaba Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 140, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.7b10958	journal	November 2017
Parameters Affecting I – V Hysteresis of CH ₃ NH ₃ PbI ₃ Perovskite Solar Cells: Effects of Perovskite Crystal Size and Mesoporous TiO ₂ Layer Kim, Hui-Seon; Park, Nam-Gyu The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, Vol. 5, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1021/jz501392m	journal	August 2014
Chemical Management for Colorful, Efficient, and Stable Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Nanostructured Solar Cells Noh, Jun Hong; Im, Sang Hyuk; Heo, Jin Hyuck Nano Letters, Vol. 13, Issue 4, p. 1764-1769 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl400349b	journal	March 2013
Nanocrystals of Cesium Lead Halide Perovskites (CsPbX ₃ , X = Cl, Br, and I): Novel Optoelectronic Materials Showing Bright Emission with Wide Color Gamut Protesescu, Loredana; Yakunin, Sergii; Bodnarchuk, Maryna I. Nano Letters, Vol. 15, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl5048779	journal	February 2015
Layer-by-Layer Assembly of Sintered CdSe _x Te _{1– x} Nanocrystal Solar Cells MacDonald, Brandon I.; Martucci, Alessandro; Rubanov, Sergey ACS Nano, Vol. 6, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1021/nn3009189	journal	June 2012
Top and bottom surfaces limit carrier lifetime in lead iodide perovskite films Yang, Ye; Yang, Mengjin; Moore, David T. Nature Energy, Vol. 2, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1038/nenergy.2016.207	journal	January 2017
Impact of grain boundaries on efficiency and stability of organic-inorganic trihalide perovskites Chu, Zhaodong; Yang, Mengjin; Schulz, Philip Nature Communications, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-02331-4	journal	December 2017
High-efficiency perovskite–polymer bulk heterostructure light-emitting diodes Zhao, Baodan; Bai, Sai; Kim, Vincent Nature Photonics, Vol. 12, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41566-018-0283-4	journal	November 2018
Beyond Bulk Lifetimes: Insights into Lead Halide Perovskite Films from Time-Resolved Photoluminescence Staub, Florian; Hempel, Hannes; Hebig, Jan-Christoph Physical Review Applied, Vol. 6, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.6.044017	journal	October 2016
Scherrer after sixty years: A survey and some new results in the determination of crystallite size Langford, J. I.; Wilson, A. J. C. Journal of Applied Crystallography, Vol. 11, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1107/S0021889878012844	journal	April 1978
Enhanced mobility CsPbI ₃ quantum dot arrays for record-efficiency, high-voltage photovoltaic cells Sanehira, Erin M.; Marshall, Ashley R.; Christians, Jeffrey A. Science Advances, Vol. 3, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aao4204	journal	October 2017
Long-Range Balanced Electron- and Hole-Transport Lengths in Organic-Inorganic CH₃NH₃PbI₃ Xing, G.; Mathews, N.; Sun, S. Science, Vol. 342, Issue 6156, p. 344-347 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1243167	journal	October 2013
Electron-Hole Diffusion Lengths Exceeding 1 Micrometer in an Organometal Trihalide Perovskite Absorber Stranks, S. D.; Eperon, G. E.; Grancini, G. Science, Vol. 342, Issue 6156, p. 341-344 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1243982	journal	October 2013
Overcoming the electroluminescence efficiency limitations of perovskite light-emitting diodes Cho, H.; Jeong, S. -H.; Park, M. -H. Science, Vol. 350, Issue 6265 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aad1818	journal	December 2015
Iodide management in formamidinium-lead-halide–based perovskite layers for efficient solar cells Yang, Woon Seok; Park, Byung-Wook; Jung, Eui Hyuk Science, Vol. 356, Issue 6345 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aan2301	journal	June 2017

Cited By (2)

A thermally stable, barium-stabilized α-CsPbI ₃ perovskite for optoelectronic devices Kajal, Sandeep; Kim, Gi-Hwan; Myung, Chang Woo Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 38 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ta07827d	journal	January 2019
Temperature-driven anion migration in gradient halide perovskites Scheidt, Rebecca A.; Kamat, Prashant V. The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 151, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5120270	journal	October 2019

Similar Records

Origin of the Size-Dependent Stokes Shift in CsPbBr₃ Perovskite Nanocrystals

Journal Article · Wed Aug 02 20:00:00 EDT 2017 · Journal of the American Chemical Society · OSTI ID:1535024

Related Subjects

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE