Role of Lithium Codoping in Enhancing the Scintillation Yield of Aluminate Garnets

Wu, Yuntao; Yang, Ge; Han, Dan; Liu, Ming; Hawari, Ayman; Du, Mao-Hua; Peng, Jing; Foster, Camera; Chen, Shiyou; Koschan, Merry; Melcher, Charles L.

doi:10.1103/physrevapplied.13.064060

Role of Lithium Codoping in Enhancing the Scintillation Yield of Aluminate Garnets

Journal Article · Thu Jun 25 00:00:00 EDT 2020 · Physical Review Applied

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevapplied.13.064060· OSTI ID:1649422

^[1]; ^[2]; ^[3]; ^[2]; ^[2]; ^[4]; Peng, Jing ^[5]; ^[6]; Chen, Shiyou ^[7]; ^[8]; Melcher, Charles L. ^[9]

Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai (China). Shanghai Inst. of Ceramics, Artificial Crystal Research Center
North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC (United States). Dept. of Nuclear Engineering
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Materials Science & Technology Division; East China Normal Univ. (ECNU), Shanghai (China). Key Lab. of Polar Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education) and Dept. of Physics
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Materials Science & Technology Division
Beihang Univ., Beijing (China). School of Materials Science & Engineering,
Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States). Scintillation Materials Research Center and Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering
North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC (United States). Dept. of Nuclear Engineering; Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Materials Science & Technology Division
Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States). Scintillation Materials Research Center
Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States). Scintillation Materials Research Center, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, Dept. of Nuclear Engineering, and Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Education

The aim of this work is to clarify the scintillation-yield enhancement in

Lu YAG : \Pr

scintillators obtained by

Li

codoping via integrated study of the valence state of activators, the preferential site occupancy of

Li

codopants, and defect structures from experimental and theoretical insights. Here, with

Li

codoping, the light yield and energy resolution of

10 \times 10 \times 10 {mm}^{3}

Lu YAG : \Pr

samples are improved from 156000 to 248000 photons/MeV, and 5.3 to 4.3% at 662 keV,respectively.The optical absorption spectra indicate that

Li

codoping does not induce conversion of stable

\Pr^{3 +}

\Pr^{4 +}

Lu YAG : \Pr

single crystals. Based on the formation energies of substitutional and interstitial

Li

sites using density-functional-theory (DFT) calculations and the

^{7} Li

nuclear magnetic resonance results, it is shown that the

Li

ions prefer to dominantly occupy the fourfold coordinated interstitial sites and fourfold coordinated

Al

sites. The systematic analysis of thermoluminescence glow curves, positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopies, and defect formation energies derived from DFT calculations reveals that the concentration of isolated

Lu

and

Al

vacancies as dominant acceptor defects is reduced by

Li

codoping, whilst the shallow

{Li}_{i}

interstitial defects and the deep

V_{O}

oxygen vacancies are introduced simultaneously. We propose that the lowering of hole trapping at defects resulting from

Li

codoping contributes to the scintillation-yield enhancement.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: Chinese Academy of Sciences; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Materials Sciences & Engineering Division

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 1649422

Journal Information:: Physical Review Applied, Journal Name: Physical Review Applied Journal Issue: 6 Vol. 13; ISSN 2331-7019

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (53)

Towards Bright and Fast Lu ₃ Al ₅ O ₁₂ :Ce,Mg Optical Ceramics Scintillators Liu, Shuping; Mares, Jiri A.; Feng, Xiqi Advanced Optical Materials, Vol. 4, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.201500691	journal	February 2016
The roles of thermalized and hot carrier diffusion in determining light yield and proportionality of scintillators Grim, J. Q.; Li, Q.; Ucer, K. B. physica status solidi (a), Vol. 209, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1002/pssa.201200436	journal	November 2012
The antisite LuAl defect-related trap in Lu3Al5O12:Ce single crystal Nikl, M.; Mihokova, E.; Pejchal, J. physica status solidi (b), Vol. 242, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1002/pssb.200541225	journal	November 2005
Host structure dependence of light yield and proportionality in scintillators in terms of hot and thermalized carrier transport Li, Qi; Grim, Joel Q.; Ucer, K. B. physica status solidi (RRL) - Rapid Research Letters, Vol. 6, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1002/pssr.201206258	journal	July 2012
Effect of Mg ²⁺ co-doping on the scintillation performance of LuAG:Ce ceramics : Effect of Mg Liu, Shuping; Feng, Xiqi; Zhou, Zhiwei physica status solidi (RRL) - Rapid Research Letters, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/pssr.201308199	journal	November 2013
Improvements in Light Yield and Energy Resolution by Li ⁺ Codoping (Lu _0.75 Y _0.25 ) ₃ Al ₅ O ₁₂ :Pr ³⁺ Single Crystal Scintillators Foster, Camera; Wu, Yuntao; Koschan, Merry physica status solidi (RRL) - Rapid Research Letters, Vol. 12, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1002/pssr.201800280	journal	July 2018
On the Role of Li ⁺ Codoping in Simultaneous Improvement of Light Yield, Decay Time, and Afterglow of Lu ₂ SiO ₅ :Ce ³⁺ Scintillation Detectors Wu, Yuntao; Tian, Mengkun; Peng, Jing physica status solidi (RRL) - Rapid Research Letters, Vol. 13, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/pssr.201800472	journal	October 2018
6Li nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shifts, coordination number and relaxation in crystalline and glassy silicates Xu, Z.; Stebbins, Jonathan F. Solid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Vol. 5, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/0926-2040(95)00026-M	journal	October 1995
A high-energy resolution observed from a YAP:Ce scintillator Kapusta, M.; Balcerzyk, M.; Moszyński, M. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 421, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9002(98)01232-7	journal	February 1999
Bridgman growth and site occupation in LuAG:Ce scintillator crystals Petrosyan, A. G.; Ovanesyan, K. L.; Sargsyan, R. V. Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol. 312, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2010.07.042	journal	October 2010
2 inch diameter single crystal growth and scintillation properties of Ce:Gd₃Al₂Ga₃O₁₂ Kamada, Kei; Yanagida, Takayuki; Endo, Takanori Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol. 352, Issue 1, p. 88-90 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2011.11.085	journal	August 2012
Revealing the role of calcium codoping on optical and scintillation homogeneity in Lu2SiO5:Ce single crystals Wu, Yuntao; Koschan, Merry; Li, Qi Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol. 498 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2018.07.017	journal	September 2018
First-principles study on stability of Li, Na and Ca in Lu2SiO5 Zhu, Jiajie; Gu, Mu; Liu, Xiaolin Journal of Luminescence, Vol. 139 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2013.02.024	journal	July 2013
Characterization of GAGG:Ce scintillators with various Al-to-Ga ratio Sibczynski, Pawel; Iwanowska-Hanke, Joanna; Moszyński, Marek Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 772 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2014.10.041	journal	February 2015
Growth and characterization of potassium strontium iodide: A new high light yield scintillator with 2.4% energy resolution Stand, L.; Zhuravleva, M.; Lindsey, A. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 780 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2015.01.052	journal	April 2015
Co-doping effects on luminescence and scintillation properties of Ce doped Lu3Al5O12 scintillator Kamada, Kei; Nikl, Martin; Kurosawa, Shunsuke Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 782 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2015.01.105	journal	May 2015
Effects of zirconium codoping on the optical and scintillation properties of SrI2:Eu 2 + single crystals Wu, Yuntao; Li, Qi; Rutstrom, Daniel J. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 954 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2018.09.077	journal	February 2020
Scintillation yield enhancement in LuAG:Pr crystals following thermal annealing Drozdowski, W.; Brylew, K.; Chruścińska, A. Optical Materials, Vol. 34, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2011.11.024	journal	October 2012
Crystal growth and characterization of europium doped KCaI3, a high light yield scintillator Lindsey, Adam C.; Zhuravleva, Mariya; Stand, Luis Optical Materials, Vol. 48 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2015.07.017	journal	October 2015
Effect of Li+ ions co-doping on luminescence, scintillation properties and defects characteristics of LuAG:Ce ceramics Liu, Shuping; Feng, Xiqi; Mares, Jiri A. Optical Materials, Vol. 64 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2016.12.024	journal	February 2017
Discovery of New Compounds and Scintillators of the A ₄ BX ₆ Family: Crystal Structure, Thermal, Optical, and Scintillation Properties Johnson, Jesse A.; Zhuravleva, Mariya; Stand, Luis Crystal Growth & Design, Vol. 18, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.cgd.8b00661	journal	July 2018
Unraveling the Critical Role of Site Occupancy of Lithium Codopants in Lu ₂ SiO ₅ :Ce ³⁺ Single-Crystalline Scintillators Wu, Yuntao; Peng, Jing; Rutstrom, Daniel ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 11, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.8b19040	journal	January 2019
Composition Engineering in Cerium-Doped (Lu,Gd) ₃ (Ga,Al) ₅ O ₁₂ Single-Crystal Scintillators Kamada, Kei; Endo, Takanori; Tsutumi, Kousuke Crystal Growth & Design, Vol. 11, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1021/cg200694a	journal	October 2011
²⁷ Al NMR Chemical Shifts in Oxide Crystals: A First-Principles Study Choi, Minseok; Matsunaga, Katsuyuki; Oba, Fumiyasu The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 113, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp810484j	journal	February 2009
Dissimilar behavior of YAG:Ce and LuAG:Ce scintillator garnets regarding Li ⁺ co-doping Derdzyan, M. V.; Hovhannesyan, K. L.; Yeganyan, A. V. CrystEngComm, Vol. 20, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1039/C7CE02194A	journal	January 2018
Zero-dimensional Cs ₄ EuX ₆ (X = Br, I) all-inorganic perovskite single crystals for gamma-ray spectroscopy Wu, Yuntao; Han, Dan; Chakoumakos, Bryan C. Journal of Materials Chemistry C, Vol. 6, Issue 25 https://doi.org/10.1039/C8TC01458B	journal	January 2018
High-energy-resolution scintillator: Ce³⁺ activated LaBr₃ van Loef, E. V. D.; Dorenbos, P.; van Eijk, C. W. E. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 79, Issue 10, p. 1573-1575 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1385342	journal	September 2001
Identification of defects in Y3Al5O12 crystals by positron annihilation spectroscopy Selim, F. A.; Solodovnikov, D.; Weber, M. H. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 91, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2780119	journal	September 2007
Strontium and barium iodide high light yield scintillators Cherepy, Nerine J.; Hull, Giulia; Drobshoff, Alexander D. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 92, Issue 8, Article No. 083508 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2885728	journal	February 2008
Praseodymium valence determination in Lu ₂ SiO ₅ , Y ₂ SiO ₅ , and Lu ₃ Al ₅ O ₁₂ scintillators by x-ray absorption spectroscopy Zhuravleva, Mariya; Friedrich, Stephan; Melcher, Charles L. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 101, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4748168	journal	September 2012
Improvement of γ-ray energy resolution of LaBr₃:Ce³⁺ scintillation detectors by Sr²⁺ and Ca²⁺ co-doping Alekhin, M. S.; de Haas, J. T. M.; Khodyuk, I. V. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 102, Issue 16, Article No. 161915 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4803440	journal	April 2013
Increased luminescence and improved decay kinetics in lithium and cerium co-doped yttrium aluminum garnet scintillators grown by the Czochralski method Dickens, Peter T.; Haven, Drew T.; Friedrich, Stephan Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 121, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4978376	journal	March 2017
The F-type centres in YAG crystals Pujats, A.; Springis, M. Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids, Vol. 155, Issue 1-4 https://doi.org/10.1080/10420150108214094	journal	November 2001
Polarization of luminescence of colour centres in YAG crystals Springis, M.; Pujats, A.; Valbis, J. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, Vol. 3, Issue 28 https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/3/28/021	journal	July 1991
Inhomogeneous Electron Gas Hohenberg, P.; Kohn, W. Physical Review, Vol. 136, Issue 3B, p. B864-B871 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.136.B864	journal	November 1964
Self-Consistent Equations Including Exchange and Correlation Effects Kohn, W.; Sham, L. J. Physical Review, Vol. 140, Issue 4A, p. A1133-A1138 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.140.A1133	journal	November 1965
Alkali Halide Scintillation Counters Hofstadter, Robert Physical Review, Vol. 74, Issue 1, p. 100-101 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.74.100	journal	July 1948
Role of Y Admixture in ( Lu 1 − x Y x ) 3 Al 5 O 12 ∶ Pr Ceramic Scintillators Free of Host Luminescence Hu, Chen; Feng, Xiqi; Li, Jiang Physical Review Applied, Vol. 6, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.6.064026	journal	December 2016
Efficient iterative schemes for ab initio total-energy calculations using a plane-wave basis set Kresse, G.; Furthmüller, J. Physical Review B, Vol. 54, Issue 16, p. 11169-11186 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.54.11169	journal	October 1996
From ultrasoft pseudopotentials to the projector augmented-wave method Kresse, G.; Joubert, D. Physical Review B, Vol. 59, Issue 3, p. 1758-1775 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.59.1758	journal	January 1999
Shallow traps and radiative recombination processes in Lu 3 Al 5 O 12 : Ce single crystal scintillator Nikl, M.; Vedda, A.; Fasoli, M. Physical Review B, Vol. 76, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.76.195121	journal	November 2007
Assessment of correction methods for the band-gap problem and for finite-size effects in supercell defect calculations: Case studies for ZnO and GaAs Lany, Stephan; Zunger, Alex Physical Review B, Vol. 78, Issue 23, Article No. 235104 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.78.235104	journal	December 2008
Positron lifetime measurements of hydrogen passivation of cation vacancies in yttrium aluminum oxide garnets Selim, F. A.; Varney, C. R.; Tarun, M. C. Physical Review B, Vol. 88, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.88.174102	journal	November 2013
Generalized Gradient Approximation Made Simple Perdew, John P.; Burke, Kieron; Ernzerhof, Matthias Physical Review Letters, Vol. 77, Issue 18, p. 3865-3868 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.77.3865	journal	October 1996
Oxygen coordinates of compounds with garnet structure Euler, F.; Bruce, J. A. Acta Crystallographica, Vol. 19, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1107/S0365110X65004747	journal	December 1965
Absolute light output of scintillators Moszynski, M.; Kapusta, M.; Mayhugh, M. IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, Vol. 44, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1109/23.603803	journal	June 1997
Effects of $\hbox {Ca}^{2+}$ Co-Doping on the Scintillation Properties of LSO:Ce Spurrier, Merry A.; Szupryczynski, Piotr; Yang, Kan IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, Vol. 55, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1109/TNS.2007.913486	journal	June 2008
Scintillator Non-Proportionality: Present Understanding and Future Challenges Moses, W. W.; Payne, S. A.; Choong, W. -S. IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, Vol. 55, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1109/TNS.2008.922802	journal	June 2008
Energy Resolution of Calcium Co-Doped LSO:Ce Scintillators Syntfeld-Kazuch, Agnieszka; Moszynski, Marek; Swiderski, Lukasz IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, Vol. 56, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1109/TNS.2009.2028235	journal	October 2009
Fundamental Limitations in the Performance of ${\rm Ce}^{3+}$–, ${\rm Pr}^{3+}$–, and ${\rm Eu}^{2+}$–Activated Scintillators Dorenbos, Pieter IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, Vol. 57, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1109/TNS.2009.2031140	journal	June 2010
Needs, Trends, and Advances in Inorganic Scintillators Dujardin, C.; Auffray, E.; Bourret-Courchesne, E. IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, Vol. 65, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1109/TNS.2018.2840160	journal	August 2018
Li substituent tuning of LED phosphors with enhanced efficiency, tunable photoluminescence, and improved thermal stability Zhao, Ming; Xia, Zhiguo; Huang, Xiaoxiao Science Advances, Vol. 5, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aav0363	journal	January 2019
33000 photons per MeV from mixed (Lu_075Y_025)_3Al_5O_12:Pr scintillator crystals Drozdowski, Winicjusz; Brylew, Kamil; Wojtowicz, Andrzej J. Optical Materials Express, Vol. 4, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1364/OME.4.001207	journal	January 2014

Similar Records

¹²C(p,p')¹²C Reaction (E_p=19.5–30 MeV) for Active Interrogation of Special Nuclear Material

Journal Article · Tue Sep 15 20:00:00 EDT 2020 · Physical Review Applied · OSTI ID:1661256

Improved Vertical Carrier Transport for Green III-Nitride LEDs Using (In,Ga)N Alloy Quantum Barriers

Journal Article · Mon May 30 20:00:00 EDT 2022 · Physical Review Applied · OSTI ID:1979649

Related Subjects

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS
SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND SUPERFLUIDITY
crystal growth
density functional calculations
electronic structure
oxides
photonics
point defects
rare-earth doped crystals
scintillators

Role of Lithium Codoping in Enhancing the Scintillation Yield of Aluminate Garnets

Citation Formats

References (53)

Similar Records

Related Subjects