Lithium Iron Aluminum Nickelate, LiNixFeyAlzO2—New Sustainable Cathodes for Next–Generation Cobalt–Free Li–Ion Batteries

Muralidharan, Nitin; Essehli, Rachid; Hermann, Raphael P.; Amin, Ruhul; Jafta, Charl; Zhang, Junjie; Liu, Jue; Du, Zhijia; Meyer, III, Harry M.; Self, Ethan; Nanda, Jagjit; Belharouak, Ilias

doi:10.1002/adma.202002960

Title: Lithium Iron Aluminum Nickelate, LiNi_xFe_yAl_zO₂—New Sustainable Cathodes for Next–Generation Cobalt–Free Li–Ion Batteries

Journal Article · Wed Jul 15 00:00:00 EDT 2020 · Advanced Materials

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202002960· OSTI ID:1649238

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Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)

In recent years, cobalt has become a critical constraint on the supply chain of the Li-ion battery industry. Here, with the ever-increasing projections for electric vehicles, the dependency of current Li-ion batteries on the ever-fluctuating cobalt prices poses serious environmental and sustainability issues. To address these challenges, a new class of cobalt-free materials with general formula of LiNi_xFe_yAl_zO₂ (x + y + z = 1), termed as the lithium iron aluminum nickelate (NFA) class of cathodes, is introduced. These cobalt-free materials are synthesized using the sol–gel process to explore their compositional landscape by varying aluminum and iron. These NFA variants are characterized using electron microscopy, neutron and X-ray diffraction, and Mössbauer and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to investigate their morphological, physical, and crystal-structure properties. Operando experiments by X-ray diffraction, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and galvanostatic intermittent titration have been also used to study the crystallographic transitions, electrochemical activity, and Li-ion diffusivity upon lithium removal and uptake in the NFA cathodes. NFA compositions yield specific capacities of ≈200 mAh g^-1, demonstrating reasonable rate capability and cycling stability with ≈80% capacity retention after 100 charge/discharge cycles. While this is an early stage of research, the potential that these cathodes could have as viable candidates in next-generation cobalt-free lithium-ion batteries is highlighted here.

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Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Transportation Office. Vehicle Technologies Office; USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725; AC05‐00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 1649238

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1638751

Journal Information:: Advanced Materials, Vol. 32, Issue 34; ISSN 0935-9648

Publisher:: WileyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 66 works

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Title: Lithium Iron Aluminum Nickelate, LiNixFeyAlzO2—New Sustainable Cathodes for Next–Generation Cobalt–Free Li–Ion Batteries

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Title: Lithium Iron Aluminum Nickelate, LiNi_xFe_yAl_zO₂—New Sustainable Cathodes for Next–Generation Cobalt–Free Li–Ion Batteries