Supernova Muons: New Constraints on Z' Bosons, Axions and ALPs

Croon, Djuna; Elor, Gilly; Leane, Rebecca K.; McDermott, Samuel D.

doi:10.1007/jhep01(2021)107

Title: Supernova Muons: New Constraints on Z' Bosons, Axions and ALPs

Journal Article · Tue Jan 19 00:00:00 EST 2021 · Journal of High Energy Physics (Online)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/jhep01(2021)107· OSTI ID:1637603

^[1]; Elor, Gilly ^[2]; Leane, Rebecca K. ^[3]; McDermott, Samuel D. ^[4]

TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC (Canada)
Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States)
Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)
Fermi National Accelerator Lab. (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States)

New light particles produced in supernovae can lead to additional energy loss and a consequent deficit in neutrino production in conflict with the neutrinos observed from Supernova 1987A (SN1987A). Contrary to the majority of previous SN1987A studies, we examine the impact of Z' bosons, axions, and axion-like particles (ALPs) interacting with the muons produced in SN1987A. For the first time, we find constraints on generic Z' bosons coupled to muons, and apply our results to particle models including gauged $$L_μ –L_τ$$ number, U(1)$$_{L_μ–L_τ}$$, and gauged B – L number, U(1)$$_{B–L}$$. We constrain Z' bosons with masses up to about 250 – 500 MeV, and down to about 10^–9 in Z'-muon coupling. We also extend previous work on axion-muon couplings by examining the importance of loop-level interactions, as well as performing calculations over a wider range of axion masses. We constrain muon-coupled axions from arbitrarily low masses up to about 200 – 500 MeV, with bounds extending down to axion-muon couplings of approximately 10^–8 GeV^–1. We conclude that supernovae broadly provide a sensitive probe of new lightly-coupled particles interacting with muons.

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Research Organization:: Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States); Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States); Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP); National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); National Research Council Canada (NRC)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-07CH11359; SC0011637; SC0012567; SC0013999; 80NSSC19K1515

OSTI ID:: 1637603

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1774148; OSTI ID: 1824809

Report Number(s):: MIT-CTP/5214; FERMILAB-PUB-20-246-A-T; oai:inspirehep.net:1802845; TRN: US2201643

Journal Information:: Journal of High Energy Physics (Online), Vol. 2021, Issue 1; ISSN 1029-8479

Publisher:: Springer NatureCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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