Origin and composition of three heterolithic boulder- and cobble-bearing deposits overlying the Murray and Stimson formations, Gale Crater, Mars

Wiens, Roger Craig; Edgett, Kenneth S.; Stack, Kathryn M.; Dietrich, William E.; Bryk, Alexander B.; Mangold, Nicolas; Bedford, Candice; Gasda, Patrick L.; Fairén, Alberto; Thompson, Lucy M.; Johnson, Jeffrey R.; Gasnault, Olivier; Clegg, Samuel M.; Cousin, Agnes; Forni, Olivier; Frydenvang, Jens; Lanza, Nina Louise; Maurice, Sylvestre; Newsom, Horton; Ollila, Anna Martha; Payré, Valerie; Rivera-Hernandez, Frances; Vasavada, Ashwin R.

doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2020.113897

Title: Origin and composition of three heterolithic boulder- and cobble-bearing deposits overlying the Murray and Stimson formations, Gale Crater, Mars

Journal Article · Sat Jun 06 00:00:00 EDT 2020 · Icarus

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2020.113897· OSTI ID:1634970

^[1]; Edgett, Kenneth S. ^[2]; Stack, Kathryn M. ^[3]; Dietrich, William E. ^[4]; Bryk, Alexander B. ^[4]; Mangold, Nicolas ^[5]; Bedford, Candice ^[6];

^[1]; Fairén, Alberto ^[7]; Thompson, Lucy M. ^[8]; Johnson, Jeffrey R. ^[9]; Gasnault, Olivier ^[10];

^[1]; Cousin, Agnes ^[10]; Forni, Olivier ^[10]; Frydenvang, Jens ^[11];

^[1]; Maurice, Sylvestre ^[10]; Newsom, Horton ^[12];

^[1] more »

Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Malin Space Science Systems, San Diego, CA (United States)
California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States)
Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
Univ. Nantes (France); Univ. d’Angers, Nantes (France)
Lunar and Planetary Inst., Houston, TX (United States)
Centro de Astrobiologia (CSIC-INTA), Madrid (Spain); Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY (United States)
Univ. of New Brunswick, Fredericton NB (Canada)
Johns Hopkins Univ., Laurel, MD (United States)
Univ. de Toulouse (France); Inst. de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planetologie, Toulouse (France)
Univ. of Copenhagen (Denmark)
Univ. of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (United States)
Rice Univ., Houston, TX (United States)
Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH (United States)

Heterolithic, boulder-containing, pebble-strewn surfaces occur along the lower slopes of Aeolis Mons (“Mt. Sharp”) in Gale crater, Mars. They were observed in HiRISE images acquired from orbit prior to the landing of the Curiosity rover. The rover was used to investigate three of these units named Blackfoot, Brandberg, and Bimbe between sols 1099 and 1410. These unconsolidated units overlie the lower Murray formation that forms the base of Mt. Sharp, and consist of pebbles, cobbles and boulders. Blackfoot also overlies portions of the Stimson formation, which consists of eolian sandstone that is understood to significantly postdate the dominantly lacustrine deposition of the Murray formation. Blackfoot is elliptical in shape (62 x 26 m), while Brandberg is nearly circular (50 x 55 m), and Bimbe is irregular in shape, covering about ten times the area of the other two. The largest boulders are 1.5–2.5 m in size and are interpreted to be sandstones. As seen from orbit, some boulders are light-toned and others are dark-toned. Rover-based observations show that both have the same gray appearance from the ground and their apparently different albedos in orbital observations result from relatively flat skyfacing surfaces. Chemical observations show that two clasts of fine sandstone at Bimbe have similar compositions and morphologies to nine ChemCam targets observed early in the mission, near Yellowknife Bay, including the Bathurst Inlet outcrop, and to at least one target (Pyramid Hills, Sol 692) and possibly a cap rock unit just north of Hidden Valley, locations that are several kilometers apart in distance and tens of meters in elevation. These findings may suggest the earlier existence of draping strata, like the Stimson formation, that would have overlain the current surface from Bimbe to Yellowknife Bay. Compositionally these extinct strata could be related to the Siccar Point group to which the Stimson formation belongs.

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Research Organization:: Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); Centre National D’Etudes Spatiales (CNES); European Research Council (ERC); Carlsberg Foundation

Grant/Contract Number:: 89233218CNA000001; 818602

OSTI ID:: 1634970

Report Number(s):: LA-UR-19-30400

Journal Information:: Icarus, Vol. 350, Issue C; ISSN 0019-1035

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 8 works

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