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Ultrahigh power and energy density in partially ordered lithium-ion cathode materials

Journal Article · · Nature Energy
 [1];  [2];  [1];  [3];  [1];  [4];  [5];  [6];  [7];  [1];  [8];  [4];  [7];  [9];  [2];  [1]
  1. Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
  2. Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Advanced Light Source (ALS)
  3. Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
  4. Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
  5. Columbia Univ., New York, NY (United States)
  6. Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
  7. Univ. of California, Santa Barbara, CA (United States)
  8. Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Advanced Photon Source (APS)
  9. Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
+ Show Author Affiliations
There is an intensive search for high-performance cathode materials for rechargeable batteries. In this work the authors report that oxyfluorides with partial spinel-like cation order, made from earth-abundant elements, display both exceptionally high energy and power. The rapid market growth of rechargeable batteries requires electrode materials that combine high power and energy and are made from earth-abundant elements. In this paper we show that combining a partial spinel-like cation order and substantial lithium excess enables both dense and fast energy storage. Cation overstoichiometry and the resulting partial order is used to eliminate the phase transitions typical of ordered spinels and enable a larger practical capacity, while lithium excess is synergistically used with fluorine substitution to create a high lithium mobility. With this strategy, we achieved specific energies greater than 1,100 Wh kg-1 and discharge rates up to 20 A g-1. Remarkably, the cathode materials thus obtained from inexpensive manganese present a rare case wherein an excellent rate capability coexists with a reversible oxygen redox activity. Our work shows the potential for designing cathode materials in the vast space between fully ordered and disordered compounds.
Research Organization:
Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Advanced Photon Source (APS); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Advanced Light Source (ALS) and The Molecular Foundry (TMF)
Sponsoring Organization:
National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Transportation Office. Vehicle Technologies Office; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Scientific User Facilities Division; Umicore Specialty Oxides and Chemicals
Grant/Contract Number:
AC02-05CH11231; AC02-06CH11357
OSTI ID:
1633083
Alternate ID(s):
OSTI ID: 1634077
Journal Information:
Nature Energy, Journal Name: Nature Energy Journal Issue: 3 Vol. 5; ISSN 2058-7546
Publisher:
Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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