A Fireproof, Lightweight, Polymer–Polymer Solid-State Electrolyte for Safe Lithium Batteries

Cui, Yi; Wan, Jiayu; Ye, Yusheng; Liu, Kai; Chou, Lien-Yang; Cui, Yi

doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b04815

A Fireproof, Lightweight, Polymer–Polymer Solid-State Electrolyte for Safe Lithium Batteries

Journal Article · Tue Feb 04 23:00:00 EST 2020 · Nano Letters

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b04815· OSTI ID:1633949

Cui, Yi ^[1]; ^[1]; ^[1]; ^[1]; Chou, Lien-Yang ^[1]; ^[2]

Stanford Univ., CA (United States)
Stanford Univ., CA (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)

Safety issues in lithium-ion batteries have raised serious concerns due to their ubiquitous utilization and close contact with the human body. Replacing flammable liquid electrolytes, solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) is thought to address this issue as well as provide unmatched energy densities in Li-based batteries. However, among the most intensively studied SSEs, polymeric solid electrolyte and polymer/ceramic composites are usually flammable, leaving the safety issue unattended. Here, we report the first design of a fireproof, ultralightweight polymer–polymer SSE. The SSE is composed of a porous mechanic enforcer (polyimide, PI), a fire-retardant additive (decabromodiphenyl ethane, DBDPE), and a ionic conductive polymer electrolyte (poly(ethylene oxide)/lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide). The whole SSE is made from organic materials, with a thin, tunable thickness (10–25 μm), which endorse the energy density comparable to conventional separator/liquid electrolytes. The PI/DBDPE film is thermally stable, nonflammable, and mechanically strong, preventing Li–Li symmetrical cells from short-circuiting after more than 300 h of cycling. LiFePO₄/Li half cells with our SSE show a high rate performance (131 mAh g^–1 at 1 C) as well as cycling performance (300 cycles at C/2 rate) at 60 °C. Most intriguingly, pouch cells made with our polymer–polymer SSE still functioned well even under flame abuse tests.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-76SF00515

OSTI ID:: 1633949

Journal Information:: Nano Letters, Journal Name: Nano Letters Journal Issue: 3 Vol. 20; ISSN 1530-6984

Publisher:: American Chemical SocietyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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