Logarithm Diameter Scaling and Carrier Density Independence of One-Dimensional Luttinger Liquid Plasmon

Wang, Sheng; Wu, Fanqi; Zhao, Sihan; Watanabe, Kenji; Taniguchi, Takashi; Zhou, Chongwu; Wang, Feng

doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b05031

Title: Logarithm Diameter Scaling and Carrier Density Independence of One-Dimensional Luttinger Liquid Plasmon

Journal Article · Mon Mar 25 00:00:00 EDT 2019 · Nano Letters

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b05031· OSTI ID:1633232

^[1]; Wu, Fanqi ^[2]; Zhao, Sihan ^[3]; Watanabe, Kenji ^[4]; Taniguchi, Takashi ^[2];

^[2]; Wang, Feng ^[5]

Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Univ. of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (United States)
Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba (Japan)
Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute

Quantum-confined electrons in one-dimensional (1D) metals are described by a Luttinger liquid. The collective charge excitations (i.e., plasmons) in a Luttinger liquid can behave qualitatively different from their conventional counterparts. For example, the Luttinger liquid plasmon velocity is uniquely determined by the electron–electron interaction, which scales logarithmly with the diameter of the 1D material. In addition, the Luttinger liquid plasmon is predicted to be independent of the carrier concentration. Here in this paper, we report the observation of such unusual Luttinger liquid plasmon behaviors in metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes, a model system featuring strong electron quantum confinement. We systematically investigate the plasmon propagation in over 30 metallic carbon nanotubes of different diameters using infrared nanoscopy. We establish that the plasmon velocity has a weak logarithm dependence on the nanotube diameter, as predicted by the Luttinger liquid theory. We further study the plasmon excitation as a function of the carrier density in electrostatically gated metallic carbon nanotubes and demonstrate that the plasmon velocity is completely independent of the carrier density. These behaviors are in striking contrast to conventional plasmons in 1D metallic shells, where the plasmon dispersion changes dramatically with the metal electron density and the 1D diameter. The unusual behaviors of Luttinger liquid plasmon may enable novel nanophotonic applications based on carbon nanotubes.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231

OSTI ID:: 1633232

Journal Information:: Nano Letters, Vol. 19, Issue 4; ISSN 1530-6984

Publisher:: American Chemical SocietyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 16 works

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Scaling and Reflection Behaviors of Polaritons in Low‐Dimensional Materials Shen, Peiyue; Luo, Xingdong; Lyu, Bosai Advanced Optical Materials, Vol. 8, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.201900923	journal	September 2019
Reflection Phase Shift of One-dimensional Plasmon Polaritons in Carbon Nanotubes Luo, Xingdong; Hu, Cheng; Lyu, Bosai arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1910.02767	text	January 2019
Reflection phase shift of one-dimensional plasmon polaritons in carbon nanotubes Luo, Xingdong; Hu, Cheng; Lyu, Bosai Physical Review B, Vol. 101, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.101.041407	journal	January 2020
Nonlinear Luttinger liquid plasmons in semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes Wang, Sheng; Zhao, Sihan; Shi, Zhiwen Nature Materials https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-020-0652-5	journal	March 2020

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Title: Logarithm Diameter Scaling and Carrier Density Independence of One-Dimensional Luttinger Liquid Plasmon

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