Skip to main content
U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

The nature of the chemical bond and the role of non-dynamical and dynamical correlation in Be2

Journal Article · · Journal of Chemical Physics
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0010068· OSTI ID:1631882

In the spin-coupled generalized valence bond (SCGVB) description of Be2, there is a pair of electrons in highly overlapping “inner” orbitals corresponding to a traditional σ bond, but this bond is compromised by Pauli repulsion arising from its overlap with a second “outer” pair. The presence of this outer pair of electrons leads to a repulsive potential energy curve at long range and a bound, but metastable molecule at short range. To obtain further insights into the nature of the bond in Be2, we determined the non-dynamical and dynamical correlation contributions to the potential energy curve of Be2 using four different choices for the zero-order wave function: Restricted Hartree–Fock (RHF), SCGVB, valence-CASSCF(4,4), and valence-CASSCF(4,8). The SCGVB and valence-CASSCF(4,4) wave functions yield similar breakdowns of the total correlation energy, with non-dynamical correlation being the more important contribution. For the RHF and valence-CASSCF(4,8) wave functions, dynamical correlation is critical, without which the potential energy curve is purely repulsive. High accuracy calculations on the HBen−1Be–BeBen−1H molecule as a function of n (n = 1–6) suggest that the intrinsic strength of a Be–Be σ bond uncompromised by Pauli repulsion is on the order of 62–63 kcal/mol, and its length is 2.13–2.14 Å, ∼60 kcal/mol stronger and ∼0.35 Å shorter than in Be2.

Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE
OSTI ID:
1631882
Journal Information:
Journal of Chemical Physics, Journal Name: Journal of Chemical Physics Journal Issue: 21 Vol. 152; ISSN 0021-9606
Publisher:
American Institute of PhysicsCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

References (48)

Unusually Short Be−Be Distances with and without a Bond in Be 2 F 2 and in the Molecular Discuses Be 2 B 8 and Be 2 B 7 journal April 2016
The Conservation of Orbital Symmetry journal November 1969
Orbital Overlap and Chemical Bonding journal December 2006
State- and property-specific quantum chemistry: Basic characteristics, and sample applications to atomic, molecular, and metallic ground and excited states of Beryllium journal April 2011
Molpro: a general-purpose quantum chemistry program package: Molpro
  • Werner, Hans-Joachim; Knowles, Peter J.; Knizia, Gerald
  • Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Computational Molecular Science, Vol. 2, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/wcms.82
journal July 2011
Modern valence bond representations of CASSCF wavefunctions journal June 1996
Symmetry adaptation and the utilization of point group symmetry in valence bond calculations, including CASVB journal March 1997
The nature of the chemical bond revisited. An energy partitioning analysis of diatomic molecules E2 (E=N–Bi, F–I), CO and BF journal December 2003
Gaussian basis sets for use in correlated molecular calculations. VII. Valence, core-valence, and scalar relativistic basis sets for Li, Be, Na, and Mg journal May 2010
Exact transformations of CI spaces, VB representations of CASSCF wavefunctions and the optimization of VB wavefunctions journal January 1996
Electronic structure and bonding of Be2 journal August 1984
Interaction of s2 pairs in Be2 and C2: The UHF instability, symptom of an atomic promotion journal June 1990
The ground state potential of the beryllium dimer journal August 1996
A complete active space SCF method (CASSCF) using a density matrix formulated super-CI approach journal May 1980
Are atoms intrinsic to molecular electronic wavefunctions? I. The FORS model journal September 1982
Are atoms sic to molecular electronic wavefunctions? II. Analysis of fors orbitals journal September 1982
Are atoms intrinsic to molecular electronic wavefunctions? III. Analysis of FORS configurations journal September 1982
A FCI benchmark on beryllium dimer: The lowest singlet and triplet states journal May 2013
A fifth-order perturbation comparison of electron correlation theories journal May 1989
Chemical Bonding and Bonding Models of Main-Group Compounds journal June 2019
Ab initio Potential Energy Curve for the Ground State of Beryllium Dimer journal March 2019
Insights into the Electronic Structure of Molecules from Generalized Valence Bond Theory journal March 2016
Application of the CC( P ; Q ) Hierarchy of Coupled-Cluster Methods to the Beryllium Dimer journal January 2018
Super Strong Be–Be Bonds: Theoretical Insight into the Electronic Structure of Be–Be Complexes with Radical Ligands journal February 2018
Orbital Hybridization in Modern Valence Bond Wave Functions: Methane, Ethylene, and Acetylene journal December 2019
Insights into the Perplexing Nature of the Bonding in C 2 from Generalized Valence Bond Calculations journal November 2013
Beryllium-beryllium bonding. 1. Energetics of protonation and hydrogenation of beryllium dimer and its ions journal July 1992
Electronic Structure Analysis of the Ground-State Potential Energy Curve of Be 2 journal August 2010
Electronic States, Potential Energy Surface, and Theoretical Spectroscopy of Be 2 H 2 journal September 2012
Beryllium Dimer: A Bond Based on Non-Dynamical Correlation journal April 2014
Dynamical and Nondynamical Correlation journal January 1996
Modern valence bond theory journal January 1997
Study of the electronic structure of molecules. XXII. Correlation energy corrections as a functional of the Hartree‐Fock type density and its application to the homonuclear diatomic molecules of the second row atoms journal February 1974
Theoretical Calculation of the Potential Curves of the Be2 Molecule journal December 1967
Studies in Molecular Structure. V. Computed Spectroscopic Constants for Selected Diatomic Molecules of the First Row journal August 1961
Studies in Molecular Structure. VII. Limited Configuration Interaction for Selected First‐Row Diatomics journal March 1962
Optical spectra of Be atoms and Be 2 molecules in rare gas matrices journal April 1975
A b i n i t i o potential curve for Be 2 ( 1 Σ g + ) from the interacting correlated fragments method journal March 1980
The complete active space SCF (CASSCF) method in a Newton–Raphson formulation with application to the HNO molecule journal February 1981
A full coupled‐cluster singles and doubles model: The inclusion of disconnected triples journal February 1982
The binding energy of the ground state of Be 2 journal August 1983
Laser vaporization of beryllium: Gas phase spectrum and molecular potential of Be 2 journal January 1984
The nature of the chemical bond in Be2+, Be2, Be2−, and Be3 journal December 2016
Left-right correlation energy journal March 2001
A Comparison of the Super-CI and the Newton-Raphson Scheme in the Complete Active Space SCF Method journal January 1980
Analyzing and modeling the interaction potential of the ground-state beryllium dimer journal August 2013
Beryllium Dimer--Caught in the Act of Bonding journal May 2009
Laser-Induced Fluorescence and Bonding of Metal Dimers journal January 1985

Similar Records

Pairwise correlated generalized valence bond model of electronic structure. II. A simple physical model for electron correlation. [Chemical reaction pathways]
Journal Article · Sun May 01 00:00:00 EDT 1977 · Int. J. Quant. Chem.; (United States) · OSTI ID:7302558

Nature of the excited states of He$sub 2$
Journal Article · Wed Oct 01 00:00:00 EDT 1975 · Phys. Rev., A, v. 12, no. 4, pp. 1203-1221 · OSTI ID:4150035

The Breathing Orbital Valence Bond Method in Diffusion Monte Carlo: C-H Bond Dissociation ofAcetylene
Journal Article · Fri May 30 00:00:00 EDT 2008 · American Chemical Society · OSTI ID:948130

Related Subjects