Cosmogenic radionuclide production modeling with Geant4: Experimental benchmarking and application to nuclear spectroscopy of asteroid (16) Psyche

Journal Article · Mon Apr 01 00:00:00 EDT 2019 · Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2019.03.023· OSTI ID:1631525

Peplowski, Patrick N. ^[1]; Wilson, Jack T. ^[1]; Burks, Morgan ^[2]; Beck, Andrew W. ^[1]; Jun, Insoo ^[3]; Lawrence, David J. ^[1]; Yokley, Zachary W. ^[1]

---

1. Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Lab., Laurel, MD (United States)
2. Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
3. California Institute of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States). Jet Propulsion Lab. (JPL)

Measurements of gamma-ray emissions from the decay of cosmogenic radionuclides provide an opportunity to characterize the elemental composition of a terrestrial planet or asteroid surface. We report on the development of a Geant4 application which models cosmogenic radionuclide production on metal-rich surfaces. The model was benchmarked using measurements of radionuclides produced during 1 GeV proton irradiation of a target made from the Campo del Cielo iron meteorite. The gamma-ray emitting radionuclides ⁵⁸Co, ⁵⁷Co, ⁵⁶Co, ⁵⁴Mn, ⁵²Mn, ⁵¹Cr, ⁴⁸V, ⁴⁶Sc and ²²Na were observed following the irradiation. Our model reproduced the measured radionuclide production rates to within a factor of 2.5 or better. All but two of the elements (⁵⁴Mn, ⁴⁶Sc) have a perfect model-to-data match within their measurement uncertainties. The benchmarked model was used to predict cosmogenic radionuclide production on a large (~100-km radius) metal-rich asteroid. The results are relevant for planned gamma-ray measurements of the metallic asteroid (16) Psyche, which will be visited by the Psyche spacecraft in 2026. We found that galactic-proton-induced radionuclide decay is unlikely to be observed by the Psyche Gamma-Ray Spectrometer (GRS), however an intense solar proton event (>2×10⁶ protons cm^-2 over <5 days) will produce measurable quantities of radioisotopes. Measurements of these radioisotopes could provide an independent method of determining the Ni-to-Fe ratio of materials at Psyche’s surface. Such an analysis will require the use of radionuclide production cross sections to convert GRS-measured cosmogenic radionuclide decay rates to elemental composition information with the ~10% precision required for planetary geochemical studies.

• Research Organization: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
• Sponsoring Organization: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
• Grant/Contract Number: AC52-07NA27344
• OSTI ID: 1631525
• Report Number(s): LLNL--JRNL-809380; 1015484
• Journal Information: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, Journal Name: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms Journal Issue: C Vol. 446; ISSN 0168-583X
• Publisher: Elsevier
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS