A joint SZ–X-ray–optical analysis of the dynamical state of 288 massive galaxy clusters

Journal Article · Mon May 04 00:00:00 EDT 2020 · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa1157· OSTI ID:1630223

Zenteno, A.  ^[1]; Hernández-Lang, D. ^[2]; Klein, M. ^[3]; Vergara Cervantes, C. ^[4]; Hollowood, D. L. ^[5]; Bhargava, S. ^[4]; Palmese, A. ^[6]; Strazzullo, V. ^[7]; Romer, A. K. ^[4]; Mohr, J. J. ^[3]; Jeltema, T. ^[5]; Saro, A. ^[8]; Lidman, C.  ^[9]; Gruen, D.  ^[10]; Ojeda, V. ^[11]; Katzenberger, A. ^[12]; Aguena, M. ^[13]; Allam, S. ^[14]; Avila, S. ^[15]; Bayliss, M. ^[16] ; Bertin, E. ^[17]; Brooks, D. ^[18]; Buckley-Geer, E. ^[14]; Burke, D. L. ^[19]; Capasso, R. ^[20]; Carnero Rosell, A. ^[21]; Carrasco Kind, M. ^[22]; Carretero, J. ^[23]; Castander, F. J. ^[24]; Costanzi, M. ^[25]; da Costa, L. N. ^[26]; De Vicente, J. ^[21]; Desai, S. ^[27]; Diehl, H. T. ^[14]; Doel, P. ^[18]; Eifler, T. F. ^[28]; Evrard, A. E. ^[29]; Flaugher, B. ^[14]; Floyd, B. ^[30]; Fosalba, P. ^[24]; Frieman, J. ^[6]; García-Bellido, J. ^[15]; Gerdes, D. W. ^[29]; Gonzalez, J. R. ^[31]; Gruendl, R. A. ^[22]; Gschwend, J. ^[26]; Gutierrez, G. ^[14]; Hartley, W. G. ^[32]; Hinton, S. R. ^[33]; Honscheid, K. ^[34]; James, D. J. ^[35]; Kuehn, K. ^[36]; Lahav, O. ^[18]; Lima, M. ^[13]; McDonald, M. ^[37]; Maia, M. A. G. ^[26]; March, M. ^[38]; Melchior, P. ^[39]; Menanteau, F. ^[22]; Miquel, R. ^[40]; Ogando, R. L. C. ^[26]; Paz-Chinchón, F. ^[41]; Plazas, A. A. ^[39]; Roodman, A. ^[19]; Rykoff, E. S. ^[19]; Sanchez, E. ^[21]; Scarpine, V. ^[14]; Schubnell, M. ^[42]; Serrano, S. ^[24]; Sevilla-Noarbe, I. ^[21]; Smith, M. ^[43]; Soares-Santos, M. ^[44]; Suchyta, E. ^[45]; Swanson, M. E. C. ^[46]; Tarle, G. ^[42]; Thomas, D. ^[47]; Varga, T. N. ^[3]; Walker, A. R. ^[1]; Wilkinson, R. D. ^[4]

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1. Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, NSF’s National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory, Casilla 603, La Serena, Chile
2. Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, NSF’s National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory, Casilla 603, La Serena, Chile, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Scheinerstr 1, D-81679 Munich, Germany, Gemini Observatory, NSF’s National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory, Casilla 603, La Serena, Chile
3. Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Scheinerstr 1, D-81679 Munich, Germany, Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstrasse, D-85748 Garching, Germany
4. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Pevensey Building, Brighton BN1 9QH, UK
5. Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
6. Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, PO Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510, USA, Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
7. Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Scheinerstr 1, D-81679 Munich, Germany, Astronomy Unit, Department of Physics, University of Trieste, via Tiepolo 11, I-34131 Trieste, Italy
8. Astronomy Unit, Department of Physics, University of Trieste, via Tiepolo 11, I-34131 Trieste, Italy, IFPU – Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, Via Beirut 2, I-34014 Trieste, Italy, INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, via G. B. Tiepolo 11, I-34143 Trieste, Italy
9. The Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
10. Department of Physics, Stanford University, 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology, Stanford University, PO Box 2450, Stanford, CA 94305, USA, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
11. Departamento de Fisica y Astronomia, Universidad de La Serena, Avenida Juan Cisternas 1200, La Serena, 1720236, Chile
12. Department of Geography, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Luisenstr 37, D-80333 Munich, Germany
13. Departamento de Física Matemática, Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 66318, São Paulo, SP 05314-970, Brazil, Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia – LIneA, Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20921-400, Brazil
14. Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, PO Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
15. Instituto de Fisica Teorica UAM/CSIC, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
16. Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
17. CNRS, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, UMR 7095, F-75014 Paris, France, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7095, F-75014 Paris, France
18. Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
19. Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology, Stanford University, PO Box 2450, Stanford, CA 94305, USA, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
20. Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova University Centre, SE 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
21. Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 40 - 28040 Madrid, Spain
22. Department of Astronomy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1002 W. Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA, National Center for Supercomputing Applications, 1205 West Clark St, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
23. Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
24. Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), E-08034 Barcelona, Spain, Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
25. INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, via G. B. Tiepolo 11, I-34143 Trieste, Italy, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, Via Beirut 2, I-34014 Trieste, Italy
26. Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia – LIneA, Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20921-400, Brazil, Observatório Nacional, Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20921-400, Brazil
27. Department of Physics, IIT Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana 502285, India
28. Department of Astronomy/Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721-0065, USA, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
29. Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA, Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
30. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, 5110 Rockhill Road, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
31. Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, 1085 S. University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
32. Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK, Département de Physique Théorique and Center for Astroparticle Physics, Université de Genève, 24 quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland, Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 16, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
33. School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
34. Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
35. Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
36. Australian Astronomical Optics, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia, Lowell Observatory, 1400 Mars Hill Rd, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA
37. Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
38. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
39. Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
40. Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, E-08010 Barcelona, Spain
41. National Center for Supercomputing Applications, 1205 West Clark St, Urbana, IL 61801, USA, Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK
42. Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
43. School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
44. Physics Department, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
45. Computer Science and Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
46. National Center for Supercomputing Applications, 1205 West Clark St, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
47. Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, UK

We use imaging from the first three years of the Dark Energy Survey to characterize the dynamical state of 288 galaxy clusters at 0.1 ≲ z ≲ 0.9 detected in the South Pole Telescope (SPT) Sunyaev–Zeldovich (SZ) effect survey (SPT-SZ). We examine spatial offsets between the position of the brightest cluster galaxy (BCG) and the centre of the gas distribution as traced by the SPT-SZ centroid and by the X-ray centroid/peak position from Chandra and XMM data. We show that the radial distribution of offsets provides no evidence that SPT SZ-selected cluster samples include a higher fraction of mergers than X-ray-selected cluster samples. We use the offsets to classify the dynamical state of the clusters, selecting the 43 most disturbed clusters, with half of those at z ≳ 0.5, a region seldom explored previously. We find that Schechter function fits to the galaxy population in disturbed clusters and relaxed clusters differ at z > 0.55 but not at lower redshifts. Disturbed clusters at z > 0.55 have steeper faint-end slopes and brighter characteristic magnitudes. Within the same redshift range, we find that the BCGs in relaxed clusters tend to be brighter than the BCGs in disturbed samples, while in agreement in the lower redshift bin. Possible explanations includes a higher merger rate, and a more efficient dynamical friction at high redshift. The red-sequence population is less affected by the cluster dynamical state than the general galaxy population.

• Research Organization: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States); Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States); Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States)
• Sponsoring Organization: USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP); National Science Foundation (NSF); ERC-StG; FARE-MIUR; Ministry of Economic Affairs and Digital Transformation of Spain (MINECO); European Research Council (ERC); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Advanced Scientific Computing Research (ASCR)
• Contributing Organization: DES Collaboration
• Grant/Contract Number: SC0010107; AC02-07CH11359; AC02-76SF00515; 716762; 240672; 291329; 306478; R165SBKTMA; AST-1138766; AST-1536171; AYA2015-71825; ESP2015-66861; FPA2015-68048; SEV-2016-0588; SEV-2016-0597; MDM-2015-0509; FP7/2007-2013; SC0019193; AC05-00OR22725
• OSTI ID: 1630223
• Alternate ID(s): OSTI ID: 1618065; OSTI ID: 1638051; OSTI ID: 1659586; OSTI ID: 1784906
• Report Number(s): arXiv:2004.01721; DES-2017-0323; FERMILAB-PUB-20-097-AE
• Journal Information: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Journal Name: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Vol. 495 Journal Issue: 1; ISSN 0035-8711
• Publisher: Royal Astronomical Society
• Country of Publication: United Kingdom
• Language: English

Related Subjects

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS
Galaxies
galaxy evolution
luminosity function
mass function
galaxy clusters