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Comprehensive Compositional Analysis of Plant Cell Walls (Lignocellulosic biomass). Part II: Carbohydrates

Journal Article · · Journal of Visualized Experiments
DOI:https://doi.org/10.3791/1837· OSTI ID:1629623
 [1];  [2];  [3]
  1. Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States). Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC); DOE/OSTI
  2. Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States). Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC)
  3. Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States). MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory
+ Show Author Affiliations

The need for renewable, carbon neutral, and sustainable raw materials for industry and society has become one of the most pressing issues for the 21st century. This has rekindled interest in the use of plant products as industrial raw materials for the production of liquid fuels for transportation and other products such as biocomposite materials. Plant biomass remains one of the greatest untapped reserves on the planet. It is mostly comprised of cell walls that are composed of energy rich polymers including cellulose, various hemicelluloses, and the polyphenol lignin and thus sometimes termed lignocellulosics. However, plant cell walls have evolved to be recalcitrant to degradation as walls contribute extensively to the strength and structural integrity of the entire plant. Despite its necessary rigidity, the cell wall is a highly dynamic entity that is metabolically active and plays crucial roles in numerous cell activities such as plant growth and differentiation. Due to the various functions of walls, there is an immense structural diversity within the walls of different plant species and cell types within a single plant. Hence, depending of what crop species, crop variety, or plant tissue is used for a biorefinery, the processing steps for depolymerisation by chemical/enzymatic processes and subsequent fermentation of the various sugars to liquid biofuels need to be adjusted and optimized. This fact underpins the need for a thorough characterization of plant biomass feedstocks. Here we describe a comprehensive analytical methodology that enables the determination of the composition of lignocellulosics and is amenable to a medium to high-throughput analysis (Figure 1). The method starts of with preparing destarched cell wall material. The resulting lignocellulosics are then split up to determine its monosaccharide composition of the hemicelluloses and other matrix polysaccharides1, and its content of crystalline cellulose. The protocol for analyzing the lignin components in lignocellulosic biomass is discussed in Part I.

Research Organization:
Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER). Biological Systems Science Division; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
Grant/Contract Number:
FC02-07ER64494; FG02-91ER20021
OSTI ID:
1629623
Journal Information:
Journal of Visualized Experiments, Journal Name: Journal of Visualized Experiments Journal Issue: 37; ISSN 1940-087X; ISSN JVEOA4
Publisher:
MyJoVE Corp.Copyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

References (5)

Semimicro determination of cellulose inbiological materials journal December 1969
Discovery, Characterisation and Applications of Enzymes from the Wood-forming Tissues of Poplar: Glycosyl Transferases and Xyloglucan Endotransglycosylases journal October 2003
Cell-wall carbohydrates and their modification as a resource for biofuels journal May 2008
Toward a Systems Approach to Understanding Plant Cell Walls journal December 2004
Cellulosic Biofuels journal June 2009

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Enhancement of fermentable sugar yields by α-xylosidase supplementation of commercial cellulases journal January 2013
Cell wall modification in tobacco by differential targeting of recombinant endoglucanase from Trichoderma reesei journal January 2015
Protocol: a medium-throughput method for determination of cellulose content from single stem pieces of Arabidopsis thaliana journal October 2015
SUMO modification of LBD30 by SIZ1 regulates secondary cell wall formation in Arabidopsis thaliana journal January 2019
Structural Modifications of Fructans in Aloe barbadensis Miller (Aloe Vera) Grown under Water Stress journal July 2016
Advances in the genetic dissection of plant cell walls: tools and resources available in Miscanthus journal January 2013
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Xylem Cell Wall Formation in Pioneer Roots and Stems of Populus trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray) journal November 2019
Identification of direct targets of transcription factor MYB46 provides insights into the transcriptional regulation of secondary wall biosynthesis journal May 2014
Diverse roles of PtrDUF579 proteins in Populus and PtrDUF579-1 function in vascular cambium proliferation during secondary growth journal June 2014
Formation of wood secondary cell wall may involve two type cellulose synthase complexes in Populus journal December 2016
Assessment of Lignocellulosic Biomass Using Analytical Spectroscopy: an Evolution to High-Throughput Techniques journal July 2013
Nondestructive, real-time determination and visualization of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin by luminescent oligothiophenes journal October 2016
Compensatory Guaiacyl Lignin Biosynthesis at the Expense of Syringyl Lignin in 4CL1 -Knockout Poplar journal March 2020
Protocol: a fast, comprehensive and reproducible one-step extraction method for the rapid preparation of polar and semi-polar metabolites, lipids, proteins, starch and cell wall polymers from a single sample journal November 2016
The impact of silicon on cell wall composition and enzymatic saccharification of Brachypodium distachyon journal June 2018
The Heterologous Expression of the Chrysanthemum R2R3-MYB Transcription Factor CmMYB1 Alters Lignin Composition and Represses Flavonoid Synthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana journal June 2013
Reduction of the Cytosolic Phosphoglucomutase in Arabidopsis Reveals Impact on Plant Growth, Seed and Root Development, and Carbohydrate Partitioning journal November 2014
High Throughput Screening Technologies in Biomass Characterization journal November 2018
Arabinogalactan Proteins and the Extracellular Matrix of Charophytes: A Sticky Business journal April 2019
Evaluation of Copper-Contaminated Marginal Land for the Cultivation of Vetiver Grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides) as a Lignocellulosic Feedstock and its Impact on Downstream Bioethanol Production journal July 2019

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