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Egyptian H5N1 Influenza Viruses—Cause for Concern?

Journal Article · · PLoS Pathogens
 [1];  [2];  [3];  [4];  [5]
  1. Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States). Dept. of Pathobiological Sciences; DOE/OSTI
  2. Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
  3. Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States). Dept. of Pathobiological Sciences
  4. Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam (Netherlands). Dept. of Virology
  5. Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States). Dept. of Pathobiological Sciences; ERATO Infection Induced Host Responses Project, Saitama (Japan); Univ. of Tokyo (Japan). International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Inst. of Medical Science, Dept. of Special Pathogens; Kobe Univ. (Japan). Dept. of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases; Univ. of Tokyo (Japan). Inst. of Medical Science, Division of Virology, Division of Virology, Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology
+ Show Author Affiliations

Highly pathogenic avian H5N1 influenza viruses are now enzootic in parts of Southeast Asia and the Middle East. Occasionally, these viruses transmit to humans and cause severe respiratory disease and fatalities. Currently, these viruses are not efficiently transmitted from person to person, although limited human-to-human transmission may have occurred. A major determinant of influenza virus host range is the viral hemagglutinin (HA) protein: avian virus HA binds preferentially to sialic acid linked to the penultimate galactose residue by an α2,3- linkage (Siaα2,3Gal), as found for sialic acid–containing receptors of the epithelial cells in duck intestine, the site of avian influenza virus replication. By contrast, human virus HA has higher affinity for Siaα2,6Gal, the main sialyloligosaccharide on the epithelial cells of the human upper respiratory tract.

Research Organization:
Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER). Biological Systems Science Division; Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; National Institutes of Health (NIH); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
OSTI ID:
1629345
Journal Information:
PLoS Pathogens, Journal Name: PLoS Pathogens Journal Issue: 11 Vol. 8; ISSN 1553-7374
Publisher:
Public Library of ScienceCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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Cited By (19)

Enhanced human receptor binding by H5 haemagglutinins journal May 2014
Host adaptation and transmission of influenza A viruses in mammals journal January 2014
Mutations Driving Airborne Transmission of A/H5N1 Virus in Mammals Cause Substantial Attenuation in Chickens only when combined journal August 2017
Does influenza pandemic preparedness and mitigation require gain-of-function research? journal June 2017
Characterization of H5N1 Influenza Virus Variants with Hemagglutinin Mutations Isolated from Patients journal May 2015
Phylodynamics of avian influenza clade 2.2.1 H5N1 viruses in Egypt journal March 2016
Seroprevalence of Antibodies to Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A (H5N1) Virus among Close Contacts Exposed to H5N1 Cases, China, 2005–2008 journal August 2013
Pathogenicity of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus H5N1 in Naturally Infected Poultry in Egypt journal May 2015
PB2 mutations arising during H9N2 influenza evolution in the Middle East confer enhanced replication and growth in mammals journal July 2019
Challenge for One Health: Co-Circulation of Zoonotic H5N1 and H9N2 Avian Influenza Viruses in Egypt journal March 2018
The Pandemic Threat of Emerging H5 and H7 Avian Influenza Viruses journal August 2018
The PB2 Polymerase Host Adaptation Substitutions Prime Avian Indonesia Sub Clade 2.1 H5N1 Viruses for Infecting Humans journal March 2019
Risk assessment of recent Egyptian H5N1 influenza viruses journal December 2016
Rapid acquisition of polymorphic virulence markers during adaptation of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N8 virus in the mouse journal January 2017
Respiratory disease due to mixed viral infections in poultry flocks in Egypt between 2017 and 2018: Upsurge of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5N8 since 2018 journal July 2019
Avian and Human Seasonal Influenza Hemagglutinin Proteins Elicit CD4 T Cell Responses That Are Comparable in Epitope Abundance and Diversity journal March 2017
Unlocking pandemic potential: prevalence and spatial patterns of key substitutions in avian influenza H5N1 in Egyptian isolates journal July 2018
A peptide-based approach to evaluate the adaptability of influenza A virus to humans based on its hemagglutinin proteolytic cleavage site journal March 2017
Molecular Markers for Interspecies Transmission of Avian Influenza Viruses in Mammalian Hosts journal December 2017

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