Block Copolymers: Synthesis, Self-Assembly, and Applications

Feng, Hongbo; Lu, Xinyi; Wang, Weiyu; Kang, Nam-Goo; Mays, Jimmy

doi:10.3390/polym9100494

Block Copolymers: Synthesis, Self-Assembly, and Applications

Journal Article · 09 October 2017 · Polymers

DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/polym9100494· OSTI ID:1628528

^[1]; Lu, Xinyi ^[1]; Wang, Weiyu ^[2]; Kang, Nam-Goo ^[1]; Mays, Jimmy ^[3]

Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States). Dept. of Chemistry
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences
Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States). Dept. of Chemistry; Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Chemical Sciences Div.

Research on block copolymers (BCPs) has played a critical role in the development of polymer chemistry, with numerous pivotal contributions that have advanced our ability to prepare, characterize, theoretically model, and technologically exploit this class of materials in a myriad of ways in the fields of chemistry, physics, material sciences, and biological and medical sciences. The breathtaking progress has been driven by the advancement in experimental techniques enabling the synthesis and characterization of a wide range of block copolymers with tailored composition, architectures, and properties. In this review, we briefly discussed the recent progress in BCP synthesis, followed by a discussion of the fundamentals of self-assembly of BCPs along with their applications.

View Journal Article

Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Materials Sciences & Engineering Division

DOE Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 1628528

Journal Information:: Polymers, Vol. 9, Issue 12; ISSN 2073-4360

Publisher:: MDPI

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (152)

Macromolecular architectures by living and controlled/living polymerizations No authors listed Progress in Polymer Science https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2006.07.002		December 2006
Experimental techniques in high-vacuum anionic polymerization No authors listed Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry https://doi.org/10.1002/pola.21016		January 2005
Synthesis of Block Copolymers of Styrene and Methyl Methacrylate by Conventional Free Radical Polymerization in Room Temperature Ionic Liquids No authors listed Macromolecules https://doi.org/10.1021/ma025518x		July 2002
Synthesis of Combs, Centipedes, and Barbwires: Poly(isoprene- graft -styrene) Regular Multigraft Copolymers with Trifunctional, Tetrafunctional, and Hexafunctional Branch Points No authors listed Macromolecules https://doi.org/10.1021/ma020427l		September 2002
Living anionic polymerization No authors listed Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-0286(00)00011-5		December 1999
Morphologies of Microphase-Separated A ₂ B Simple Graft Copolymers No authors listed Macromolecules https://doi.org/10.1021/ma951696x		January 1996
Block Copolymers—Designer Soft Materials No authors listed Physics Today https://doi.org/10.1063/1.882522		February 1999
Free Energy Evaluation in Field-Theoretic Polymer Simulations No authors listed Physical Review Letters https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.138302		September 2008
Origins of Complex Self-Assembly in Block Copolymers No authors listed Macromolecules https://doi.org/10.1021/ma960744q		January 1996
Cyclic Block Copolymers for Controlling Feature Sizes in Block Copolymer Lithography No authors listed ACS Nano https://doi.org/10.1021/nn304217y		November 2012
Block Copolymer Based Nanostructures: Materials, Processes, and Applications to Electronics No authors listed Chemical Reviews https://doi.org/10.1021/cr900159v		January 2010
The Convergence of Synthetic Organic and Polymer Chemistries No authors listed Science https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1109778		August 2005
Effect of Molecular Weight on the Ion Transport Mechanism in Polymerized Ionic Liquids No authors listed Macromolecules https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00714		June 2016
Controlled/living radical polymerization No authors listed Materials Today https://doi.org/10.1016/S1369-7021(05)00745-5		March 2005
Controlled/living radical polymerization: Features, developments, and perspectives No authors listed Progress in Polymer Science https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2006.11.002		January 2007
The limits of precision monomer placement in chain growth polymerization No authors listed Nature Communications https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms10514		February 2016
A star-shaped single lithium-ion conducting copolymer by grafting a POSS nanoparticle No authors listed Polymer https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2017.07.052		August 2017
"Living"/Controlled Radical Polymerization. Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization in the Presence of a Conventional Radical Initiator No authors listed Macromolecules https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00126a041		October 1995
Nitroxide-mediated polymerization No authors listed Progress in Polymer Science https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2012.06.002		January 2013
Block copolymer based composition and morphology control in nanostructured hybrid materials for energy conversion and storage: solar cells, batteries, and fuel cells No authors listed Chem. Soc. Rev. https://doi.org/10.1039/C0CS00034E		January 2011
Synthesis and Characterization of Biocompatible Thermo-Responsive Gelators Based on ABA Triblock Copolymers No authors listed Biomacromolecules https://doi.org/10.1021/bm049331k		March 2005
Facile Arm-First Synthesis of Star Block Copolymers via ARGET ATRP with ppm Amounts of Catalyst No authors listed Macromolecules https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01597		September 2016
Preparation of Homopolymers and Block Copolymers in Miniemulsion by ATRP Using Activators Generated by Electron Transfer (AGET) No authors listed Journal of the American Chemical Society https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0429364		March 2005
Use of Ascorbic Acid as Reducing Agent for Synthesis of Well-Defined Polymers by ARGET ATRP No authors listed Macromolecules https://doi.org/10.1021/ma0702041		March 2007
ARGET ATRP of methyl methacrylate in the presence of nitrogen-based ligands as reducing agents No authors listed Polymer International https://doi.org/10.1002/pi.2530		March 2009
ATRP in the design of functional materials for biomedical applications No authors listed Progress in Polymer Science https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2011.08.001		January 2012
Synthesis of Biomimetic Poly(2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl phosphorylcholine) Nanolatexes via Atom Transfer Radical Dispersion Polymerization in Alcohol/Water Mixtures No authors listed Macromolecules https://doi.org/10.1021/ma101136v		August 2010
Double-bond-containing polyallene-based triblock copolymers via phenoxyallene and (meth)acrylate No authors listed Scientific Reports https://doi.org/10.1038/srep43706		March 2017
A More Versatile Route to Block Copolymers and Other Polymers of Complex Architecture by Living Radical Polymerization: The RAFT Process No authors listed Macromolecules https://doi.org/10.1021/ma981472p		March 1999
Preparation and Characterization of Thermally Responsive and Biodegradable Block Copolymer Comprised of PNIPAAM and PLA by Combination of ROP and RAFT Methods No authors listed Macromolecules https://doi.org/10.1021/ma048444t		December 2004
Amphiphilic Block Copolymers from a Direct and One-pot RAFT Synthesis in Water No authors listed Macromolecular Rapid Communications https://doi.org/10.1002/marc.201100240		June 2011
Ab Initio Batch Emulsion RAFT Polymerization of Styrene Mediated by Poly(acrylic acid- b -styrene) Trithiocarbonate No authors listed Macromolecules https://doi.org/10.1021/ma9010999		September 2009
Toward Well-Controlled ab Initio RAFT Emulsion Polymerization of Styrene Mediated by 2-(((Dodecylsulfanyl)carbonothioyl)sulfanyl)propanoic Acid No authors listed Macromolecules https://doi.org/10.1021/ma102378w		January 2011
Polystyrene- block -poly( n -butyl acrylate)- block -polystyrene Triblock Copolymer Thermoplastic Elastomer Synthesized via RAFT Emulsion Polymerization No authors listed Macromolecules https://doi.org/10.1021/ma101348k		September 2010
Accurate Structural Control and Block Formation in the Living Polymerization of 1,3-Dienes by Nitroxide-Mediated Procedures No authors listed Macromolecules https://doi.org/10.1021/ma991187l		January 2000
POLYMERIZATION INITIATED BY ELECTRON TRANSFER TO MONOMER. A NEW METHOD OF FORMATION OF BLOCK POLYMERS ¹ No authors listed Journal of the American Chemical Society https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01592a101		June 1956
‘Living’ Polymers No authors listed Nature https://doi.org/10.1038/1781168a0		November 1956
Recent advance in living anionic polymerization of functionalized styrene derivatives No authors listed Progress in Polymer Science https://doi.org/10.1016/S0079-6700(02)00016-3		October 2002
Synthesis of Well-Defined Dendrimer-like Branched Polymers and Block Copolymer by the Iterative Approach Involving Coupling Reaction of Living Anionic Polymer and Functionalization No authors listed Macromolecules https://doi.org/10.1021/ma0496549		August 2004
Polymer Brushes by Living Anionic Surface Initiated Polymerization on Flat Silicon (SiO _x ) and Gold Surfaces: Homopolymers and Block Copolymers No authors listed Langmuir https://doi.org/10.1021/la025962t		October 2002
Synthesis of well-defined functionalized polymers and star branched polymers by means of living anionic polymerization using specially designed 1,1-diphenylethylene derivatives No authors listed Macromolecular Rapid Communications https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-3927(20001101)21:17<1171::AID-MARC1171>3.0.CO;2-C		November 2000
Living Anionic Surface Initiated Polymerization (SIP) of Styrene from Clay Surfaces No authors listed Chemistry of Materials https://doi.org/10.1021/cm0101780		August 2001
Effect of Chain Rigidity on the Decoupling of Ion Motion from Segmental Relaxation in Polymerized Ionic Liquids: Ambient and Elevated Pressure Studies No authors listed Macromolecules https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01217		August 2017
Revealing the Charge Transport Mechanism in Polymerized Ionic Liquids: Insight from High Pressure Conductivity Studies No authors listed Chemistry of Materials https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.7b01658		September 2017
Precise Synthesis of Block Polymers Composed of Three or More Blocks by Specially Designed Linking Methodologies in Conjunction with Living Anionic Polymerization System No authors listed Polymers https://doi.org/10.3390/polym5031012		July 2013
Polymers with Complex Architecture by Living Anionic Polymerization No authors listed Chemical Reviews https://doi.org/10.1021/cr9901337		December 2001
Synthesis of model linear tetrablock quaterpolymers and pentablock quintopolymers of ethylene oxide No authors listed Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry https://doi.org/10.1002/pola.10288		May 2002
Heterofunctional Linking Agents for the Synthesis of Well-Defined Block Copolymers of Dimethylsiloxane and tert -Butyl Methacrylate or 2-Vinylpyridine No authors listed Macromolecules https://doi.org/10.1021/ma010440q		July 2001
Regular Comb Polystyrenes and Graft Polyisoprene/Polystyrene Copolymers with Double Branches (“Centipedes”). Quality of (1,3-Phenylene)bis(3-methyl-1-phenylpentylidene)dilithium Initiator in the Presence of Polar Additives No authors listed Macromolecules https://doi.org/10.1021/ma980738p		September 1998
Design and Synthesis of Multigraft Copolymer Thermoplastic Elastomers: Superelastomers No authors listed Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics https://doi.org/10.1002/macp.201700254		September 2017
Block copolymer synthesis in one shot: concurrent metal-free ATRP and ROP processes under sunlight No authors listed Polymer Chemistry https://doi.org/10.1039/C7PY00069C		January 2017
Modular synthesis of block copolymers via cycloaddition of terminal azide and alkyne functionalized polymers No authors listed Chemical Communications https://doi.org/10.1039/b412930j		January 2005
Topological polymer chemistry: a cyclic approach toward novel polymer properties and functions No authors listed Polymer Chemistry https://doi.org/10.1039/c1py00088h		January 2011
A guide to the synthesis of block copolymers using reversible-addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization No authors listed Chem. Soc. Rev. https://doi.org/10.1039/C3CS60290G		January 2014
Reversible Addition Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) and Hetero-Diels−Alder Chemistry as a Convenient Conjugation Tool for Access to Complex Macromolecular Designs No authors listed Macromolecules https://doi.org/10.1021/ma8002328		June 2008
Supramolecular Engineering with Macromolecules: An Alternative Concept for Block Copolymers No authors listed Angewandte Chemie International Edition https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-3773(20021018)41:20<3825::AID-ANIE3825>3.0.CO;2-6		October 2002
Discovering Ordered Phases of Block Copolymers: New Results from a Generic Fourier-Space Approach No authors listed Physical Review Letters https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.028301		July 2008
From Self-Organizing Polymers to Nanohybrid and Biomaterials No authors listed Angewandte Chemie International Edition https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-3773(20020301)41:5<688::AID-ANIE688>3.0.CO;2-3		March 2002
Functional nanomaterials based on block copolymer self-assembly No authors listed Progress in Polymer Science https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2010.06.002		November 2010
Polymer-Polymer Phase Behavior No authors listed Science https://doi.org/10.1126/science.251.4996.898		February 1991
Stable and unstable phases of a diblock copolymer melt No authors listed Physical Review Letters https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.72.2660		April 1994
Impact of Morphological Orientation in Determining Mechanical Properties in Triblock Copolymer Systems No authors listed Chemistry of Materials https://doi.org/10.1021/cm960146q		January 1996
Block Copolymer Domain Reorientation in an Electric Field: An in-Situ Small-Angle X-ray Scattering Study No authors listed Macromolecules https://doi.org/10.1021/ma034739f		April 2004
Self-assembly of block copolymers No authors listed Chemical Society Reviews https://doi.org/10.1039/c2cs35115c		January 2012
Poly(styrene- b -isobutylene- b -styrene) block copolymers and ionomers therefrom: morphology as determined by small-angle X-ray scattering and transmission electron microscopy No authors listed Polymer https://doi.org/10.1016/S0032-3861(99)00512-1		April 2000
Transport Properties of Sulfonated Poly(styrene- b -isobutylene- b -styrene) Triblock Copolymers at High Ion-Exchange Capacities No authors listed Macromolecules https://doi.org/10.1021/ma051958n		January 2006
Tunable morphologies from charged block copolymers No authors listed Soft Matter https://doi.org/10.1039/c0sm00733a		January 2010
Structure–Conductivity Relationships of Block Copolymer Membranes Based on Hydrated Protic Polymerized Ionic Liquids: Effect of Domain Spacing No authors listed Macromolecules https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02614		March 2016
Morphology and Thermodynamic Properties of a Copolymer with an Electronically Conducting Block: Poly(3-ethylhexylthiophene)- block -poly(ethylene oxide) No authors listed Nano Letters https://doi.org/10.1021/nl302454c		January 2012
Block copolymer self-assembly–directed synthesis of mesoporous gyroidal superconductors No authors listed Science Advances https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1501119		January 2016
Thermal processing of diblock copolymer melts mimics metallurgy No authors listed Science https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aam7212		May 2017
2-Isopropenyl-2-oxazoline: Well-Defined Homopolymers and Block Copolymers via Living Anionic Polymerization No authors listed Macromolecules https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02084		December 2016
Nanostructure fabrication using block copolymers No authors listed Nanotechnology https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/14/10/201		September 2003
Self-Assembled Block Copolymer Aggregates: From Micelles to Vesicles and their Biological Applications No authors listed Macromolecular Rapid Communications https://doi.org/10.1002/marc.200800713		February 2009
Multiple Morphologies and Characteristics of “Crew-Cut” Micelle-like Aggregates of Polystyrene- b -poly(acrylic acid) Diblock Copolymers in Aqueous Solutions No authors listed Journal of the American Chemical Society https://doi.org/10.1021/ja953709s		January 1996
Cylindrical Block Copolymer Micelles and Co-Micelles of Controlled Length and Architecture No authors listed Science https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1141382		August 2007
Topology-Directed Control on Thermal Stability: Micelles Formed from Linear and Cyclized Amphiphilic Block Copolymers No authors listed Journal of the American Chemical Society https://doi.org/10.1021/ja104691j		August 2010
On the Origins of Morphological Complexity in Block Copolymer Surfactants No authors listed Science https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1082193		April 2003
Synthesis of Model Multigraft Copolymers of Butadiene with Randomly Placed Single and Double Polystyrene Branches No authors listed Macromolecules https://doi.org/10.1021/ma980362f		August 1998
Synthesis and Properties of Block Polymers. I. Poly-α-methylstyrene-Polyisoprene-Poly-α-methylstyrene No authors listed Macromolecules https://doi.org/10.1021/ma60011a002		September 1969
Sustainable Thermoplastic Elastomers from Terpene-Derived Monomers No authors listed ACS Macro Letters https://doi.org/10.1021/mz500339h		July 2014
Synthesis and Properties of Block Copolymers. 4. Poly(p-tert-butylstyrene-diene-p-tert-butylstyrene) and Poly(p-tert-butylstyrene-isoprene-styrene) No authors listed Macromolecules https://doi.org/10.1021/ma60060a008		November 1977
High Temperature Thermoplastic Elastomers Synthesized by Living Anionic Polymerization in Hydrocarbon Solvent at Room Temperature No authors listed Macromolecules https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02642		March 2016
All acrylic-based thermoplastic elastomers with high upper service temperature and superior mechanical properties No authors listed Polymer Chemistry https://doi.org/10.1039/C7PY01225J		January 2017
Physical Properties of PBMA-b-PBA-b-PBMA Triblock Copolymers Synthesized by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization No authors listed Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics https://doi.org/10.1002/macp.200300001		November 2003
Morphology and mechanical properties of poly(methylmethacrylate)-b-poly(alkylacrylate)-b-poly(methylmethacrylate) No authors listed Polymer https://doi.org/10.1016/S0032-3861(00)00759-X		April 2001
Morphology and Tensile Properties of Multigraft Copolymers with Regularly Spaced Tri-, Tetra-, and Hexafunctional Junction Points No authors listed Macromolecules https://doi.org/10.1021/ma060067s		June 2006
Mechanical Properties and Hysteresis Behaviour of Multigraft Copolymers No authors listed Macromolecular Symposia https://doi.org/10.1002/masy.200690027		February 2006
Synthesis and Characterization of Comb and Centipede Multigraft Copolymers P n BA- g -PS with High Molecular Weight Using Miniemulsion Polymerization No authors listed Macromolecules https://doi.org/10.1021/ma501866t		October 2014
Synthesis and Characterization of Graft Copolymers Poly(isoprene- g -styrene) of High Molecular Weight by a Combination of Anionic Polymerization and Emulsion Polymerization No authors listed Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research https://doi.org/10.1021/ie504457e		January 2015
Advanced drug delivery devices via self-assembly of amphiphilic block copolymers No authors listed Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2012.09.026		December 2012
Cross-linked block copolymer micelles: functional nanostructures of great potential and versatility No authors listed Chemical Society Reviews https://doi.org/10.1039/b514858h		January 2006
Thermo-sensitive polymeric micelles based on poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) as drug carriers No authors listed Progress in Polymer Science https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2009.05.002		September 2009
Micelle/Inverse Micelle Self-Assembly of a PEO−PNIPAm Block Copolymer in Ionic Liquids with Double Thermoresponsivity No authors listed Macromolecules https://doi.org/10.1021/ma1019279		November 2010
New directions in thermoresponsive polymers No authors listed Chemical Society Reviews https://doi.org/10.1039/c3cs35499g		January 2013
Poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(lysine) copolymer bearing nitroaromatics for hypoxia-sensitive drug delivery No authors listed Acta Biomaterialia https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2015.10.011		January 2016
Self-porating polymersomes of PEG–PLA and PEG–PCL: hydrolysis-triggered controlled release vesicles No authors listed Journal of Controlled Release https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2003.12.021		April 2004
Aqueous Dispersions of Poly(ethylene oxide)- b -poly(γ-methyl-ε-caprolactone) Block Copolymers No authors listed Macromolecules https://doi.org/10.1021/ma060642s		June 2006
Biodegradable polymersomes as a basis for artificial cells: encapsulation, release and targeting No authors listed Journal of Controlled Release https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2004.09.026		January 2005
Bioresorbable Vesicles Formed through Spontaneous Self-Assembly of Amphiphilic Poly(ethylene oxide)- block -polycaprolactone No authors listed Macromolecules https://doi.org/10.1021/ma0519009		March 2006
Cross-linked Polymersome Membranes: Vesicles with Broadly Adjustable Properties No authors listed The Journal of Physical Chemistry B https://doi.org/10.1021/jp011958z		March 2002
Preparation and brain delivery property of biodegradable polymersomes conjugated with OX26 No authors listed Journal of Controlled Release https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2008.03.007		June 2008
Block Copolymer Lithography No authors listed Macromolecules https://doi.org/10.1021/ma401762n		November 2013
Defects in the Self-Assembly of Block Copolymers and Their Relevance for Directed Self-Assembly No authors listed Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-061114-123209		July 2015
Perpendicularly oriented sub-10-nm block copolymer lamellae by atmospheric thermal annealing for one minute No authors listed Scientific Reports https://doi.org/10.1038/srep19481		January 2016
Directed Self-Assembly of Silicon-Containing Block Copolymer Thin Films No authors listed ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces https://doi.org/10.1021/am508197k		January 2015
High-Modulus, High-Conductivity Nanostructured Polymer Electrolyte Membranes via Polymerization-Induced Phase Separation No authors listed Nano Letters https://doi.org/10.1021/nl4034818		December 2013
Synthesis, Thermodynamics, and Dynamics of Poly(4- tert -butylstyrene- b -methyl methacrylate) No authors listed Macromolecules https://doi.org/10.1021/ma301047y		August 2012
Control of the Orientation of Symmetric Poly(styrene)- block -poly( d , l -lactide) Block Copolymers Using Statistical Copolymers of Dissimilar Composition No authors listed Langmuir https://doi.org/10.1021/la304141m		October 2012
Microdomain Orientation of PS- b -PMMA by Controlled Interfacial Interactions No authors listed Macromolecules https://doi.org/10.1021/ma8007338		September 2008
Controlling Polymer-Surface Interactions with Random Copolymer Brushes No authors listed Science https://doi.org/10.1126/science.275.5305.1458		March 1997
Interfacial Segregation in Disordered Block Copolymers: Effect of Tunable Surface Potentials No authors listed Physical Review Letters https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.237		July 1997
SAXS Analysis of the Order−Disorder Transition and the Interaction Parameter of Polystyrene- block -poly(methyl methacrylate) No authors listed Macromolecules https://doi.org/10.1021/ma8013004		December 2008
Macroscopic 10-Terabit-per-Square-Inch Arrays from Block Copolymers with Lateral Order No authors listed Science https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1168108		February 2009
Polylactide−Poly(dimethylsiloxane)−Polylactide Triblock Copolymers as Multifunctional Materials for Nanolithographic Applications No authors listed ACS Nano https://doi.org/10.1021/nn901190a		January 2010
Influence of Conformational Asymmetry on Polymer−Polymer Interactions: An Entropic or Enthalpic Effect? No authors listed Macromolecules https://doi.org/10.1021/ma020148y		September 2002
Topcoat Approaches for Directed Self-Assembly of Strongly Segregating Block Copolymer Thin Films No authors listed Journal of Photopolymer Science and Technology https://doi.org/10.2494/photopolymer.26.55		January 2013
Oligosaccharide/Silicon-Containing Block Copolymers with 5 nm Features for Lithographic Applications No authors listed ACS Nano https://doi.org/10.1021/nn300459r		March 2012
Polarity-Switching Top Coats Enable Orientation of Sub-10-nm Block Copolymer Domains No authors listed Science https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1226046		November 2012
Direct synthesis of ordered mesoporous carbons No authors listed Chem. Soc. Rev. https://doi.org/10.1039/C2CS35301F		January 2013
Molecular-based design and emerging applications of nanoporous carbon spheres No authors listed Nature Materials https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat4317		July 2015
On the Controllable Soft-Templating Approach to Mesoporous Silicates No authors listed Chemical Reviews https://doi.org/10.1021/cr068020s		July 2007
Carbon Materials for Chemical Capacitive Energy Storage No authors listed Advanced Materials https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201100984		September 2011
Templated Nanocarbons for Energy Storage No authors listed Advanced Materials https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201201715		July 2012
Porous Electrode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries - How to Prepare Them and What Makes Them Special No authors listed Advanced Energy Materials https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201200320		August 2012
Tailored design of functional nanoporous carbon materials toward fuel cell applications No authors listed Nano Today https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nantod.2014.05.003		June 2014
Catalytic Nanoarchitectures--the Importance of Nothing and the Unimportance of Periodicity No authors listed Science https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1082332		March 2003
Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery and Biosensing Applications No authors listed Advanced Functional Materials https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.200601191		April 2007
DES assisted synthesis of hierarchical nitrogen-doped carbon molecular sieves for selective CO ₂ versus N ₂ adsorption No authors listed J. Mater. Chem. A https://doi.org/10.1039/C4TA00562G		January 2014
Gas separation mechanism of CO ₂ selective amidoxime-poly(1-trimethylsilyl-1-propyne) membranes No authors listed Polymer Chemistry https://doi.org/10.1039/C7PY00056A		January 2017
Enhanced photocatalytic properties of TiO ₂ -loaded porous silica with hierarchical macroporous and mesoporous architectures in water purification No authors listed Journal of Materials Chemistry A https://doi.org/10.1039/C4TA06020B		January 2015
Poly(vinylidene fluoride) derived fluorine-doped magnetic carbon nanoadsorbents for enhanced chromium removal No authors listed Carbon https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2017.01.033		May 2017
Design of Amphiphilic ABC Triblock Copolymer for Templating Synthesis of Large-Pore Ordered Mesoporous Carbons with Tunable Pore Wall Thickness No authors listed Chemistry of Materials https://doi.org/10.1021/cm901371r		September 2009
Thick wall mesoporous carbons with a large pore structure templated from a weakly hydrophobic PEO–PMMA diblock copolymer No authors listed J. Mater. Chem. https://doi.org/10.1039/B713310C		January 2008
Synthesis of a Large-Scale Highly Ordered Porous Carbon Film by Self-Assembly of Block Copolymers No authors listed Angewandte Chemie International Edition https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200461051		November 2004
New Insight into the Synthesis of Large-Pore Ordered Mesoporous Materials No authors listed Journal of the American Chemical Society https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.6b11411		January 2017
Mesoporous Carbon Materials: Synthesis and Modification No authors listed Angewandte Chemie International Edition https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200702046		May 2008
Generalized syntheses of large-pore mesoporous metal oxides with semicrystalline frameworks No authors listed Nature https://doi.org/10.1038/24132		November 1998
Organically Modified Aluminosilicate Mesostructures from Block Copolymer Phases No authors listed Science https://doi.org/10.1126/science.278.5344.1795		December 1997
A Controllable Synthesis of Rich Nitrogen-Doped Ordered Mesoporous Carbon for CO ₂ Capture and Supercapacitors No authors listed Advanced Functional Materials https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201202764		December 2012
Solvent Evaporation Induced Aggregating Assembly Approach to Three-Dimensional Ordered Mesoporous Silica with Ultralarge Accessible Mesopores No authors listed Journal of the American Chemical Society https://doi.org/10.1021/ja207525e		December 2011
Large-pore ordered mesoporous materials templated from non-Pluronic amphiphilic block copolymers No authors listed Chem. Soc. Rev. https://doi.org/10.1039/C2CS35426H		January 2013
Synthesis of Nitrogen-Doped Mesoporous Carbon Spheres with Extra-Large Pores through Assembly of Diblock Copolymer Micelles No authors listed Angewandte Chemie https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201407629		November 2014
Influences of Mesopore Size on Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalysis of Pt/Carbon Aerogels No authors listed The Journal of Physical Chemistry C https://doi.org/10.1021/jp066374h		February 2007
Ordered Nanoporous Silica with Periodic 30−60 nm Pores as an Effective Support for Gold Nanoparticle Catalysts with Enhanced Lifetime No authors listed Journal of the American Chemical Society https://doi.org/10.1021/ja1027524		July 2010
Controlled Synthesis and Functionalization of Ordered Large-Pore Mesoporous Carbons No authors listed Advanced Functional Materials https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201001202		October 2010
Ordered Mesoporous Silicas and Carbons with Large Accessible Pores Templated from Amphiphilic Diblock Copolymer Poly(ethylene oxide)- b -polystyrene No authors listed Journal of the American Chemical Society https://doi.org/10.1021/ja067379v		February 2007
Colloidal Templating Fabrication of Aluminum-Organophosphonate Films Using High Molecular Weight PS-b-PEO No authors listed Chemistry - An Asian Journal https://doi.org/10.1002/asia.201100173		September 2011
Characterization of the Porous Structure of SBA-15 No authors listed Chemistry of Materials https://doi.org/10.1021/cm000164e		July 2000
Ultra-Large-Pore Mesoporous Carbons Templated from Poly(ethylene oxide)- b -Polystyrene Diblock Copolymer by Adding Polystyrene Homopolymer as a Pore Expander No authors listed Chemistry of Materials https://doi.org/10.1021/cm802413q		December 2008
Syntheses of Silica/Polystyrene- block -Poly(ethylene oxide) Films with Regular and Reverse Mesostructures of Large Characteristic Length Scales by Solvent Evaporation-Induced Self-Assembly No authors listed Langmuir https://doi.org/10.1021/la0113724		December 2001
Morphology Diagram of a Diblock Copolymer−Aluminosilicate Nanoparticle System No authors listed Chemistry of Materials https://doi.org/10.1021/cm901885c		November 2009

Similar Records

Toward controlling wetting hysteresis with nanostructured surfaces derived from block copolymer self-assembly

Journal Article · 2022 · Nanotechnology · OSTI ID:1898621

Al Hossain, Aktaruzzaman; Dick, Austin; Doerk, Gregory; +1 more

Synthesis and Characterization of Stimuli Responsive Block Copolymers, Self-Assembly Behavior and Applications

Thesis/Dissertation · 2005 · OSTI ID:861607

Determan, Michael Duane

Autonomous discovery of emergent morphologies in directed self-assembly of block copolymer blends

Journal Article · 2023 · Science Advances · OSTI ID:1922720

Doerk, Gregory S.; Stein, Aaron; Bae, Suwon; +3 more

Related Subjects

Polymer Science
block copolymers
synthesis
self-assembly
applications

Block Copolymers: Synthesis, Self-Assembly, and Applications

Citation Formats

References (152)

Similar Records

Related Subjects