Genetic and antigenic variation of foot-and-mouth disease virus during persistent infection in naturally infected cattle and Asian buffalo in India

Biswal, Jitendra K.; Ranjan, Rajeev; Subramaniam, Saravanan; Mohapatra, Jajati K.; Patidar, Sanjay; Sharma, Mukesh K.; Bertram, Miranda R.; Brito, Barbara; Rodriguez, Luis L.; Pattnaik, Bramhadev; Arzt, Jonathan; Bayry, Jagadeesh

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0214832

Title: Genetic and antigenic variation of foot-and-mouth disease virus during persistent infection in naturally infected cattle and Asian buffalo in India

Journal Article · Fri Jun 21 00:00:00 EDT 2019 · PLoS ONE

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0214832· OSTI ID:1627879

Biswal, Jitendra K. ^[1]; Ranjan, Rajeev ^[1]; Subramaniam, Saravanan ^[1]; Mohapatra, Jajati K. ^[1]; Patidar, Sanjay ^[2]; Sharma, Mukesh K. ^[2]; Bertram, Miranda R. ^[3]; Brito, Barbara ^[3]; Rodriguez, Luis L. ^[4]; Pattnaik, Bramhadev ^[1];

^[4]; Bayry, Jagadeesh ^[5]

ICAR-Directorate of Foot and Mouth Disease, Uttarakhand (India)
ABIS Dairy, Chhattisgarh (India)
USDA-ARS, Plum Island Animal Disease Cener, Greenport, NY (United States). Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit; Oak Ridge Inst. for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). PIADC Research Participation Program
USDA-ARS, Plum Island Animal Disease Cener, Greenport, NY (United States). Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit
Institut National de la Santeet de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM) (France)

The role of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) persistently infected ruminants in initiating new outbreaks remains controversial, and the perceived threat posed by such animals hinders international trade in FMD-endemic countries. In this study we report longitudinal analyses of genetic and antigenic variations of FMDV serotype O/ME-SA/Ind2001d sublineage during naturally occurring, persistent infection in cattle and buffalo at an organised dairy farm in India. The proportion of animals from which FMDV RNA was recovered was not significantly different between convalescent (post-clinical) and sub-clinically infected animals or between cattle and buffalo across the sampling period. However, infectious virus was isolated from a higher proportion of buffalo samples and for a longer duration compared to cattle. Analysis of the P1 sequences from recovered viruses indicated fixation of mutations at the rate of 1.816 x 10^-2substitution/site/year (s/s/y) (95% CI 1.362–2.31 x 10^-2 s/s/y). However, the majority of point mutations were transitional substitutions. Within individual animals, the mean dN/dS (ω) value for the P1 region varied from 0.076 to 0.357, suggesting the selection pressure acting on viral genomes differed substantially across individual animals. Statistical parsimony analysis indicated that all of the virus isolates from carrier animals originated from the outbreak virus. The antigenic relationship value as determined by 2D-VNT assay revealed fluctuation of antigenic variants within and between carrier animals during the carrier state which suggested that some carrier viruses had diverged substantially from the protection provided by the vaccine strain. This study contributes to understanding the extent of within-host and within-herd evolution that occurs during the carrier state of FMDV.

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Research Organization:: Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE; USDA

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0014664; 1940-32000-061-00D

OSTI ID:: 1627879

Journal Information:: PLoS ONE, Vol. 14, Issue 6; ISSN 1932-6203

Publisher:: Public Library of ScienceCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Into the Deep (Sequence) of the Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Gene Pool: Bottlenecks and Adaptation during Infection in Naïve and Vaccinated Cattle Fish, Ian; Stenfeldt, Carolina; Palinski, Rachel M. Pathogens, Vol. 9, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9030208	journal	March 2020

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