Bacterial community structure transformed after thermophilically composting human waste in Haiti

Piceno, Yvette M.; Pecora-Black, Gabrielle; Kramer, Sasha; Roy, Monika; Reid, Francine C.; Dubinsky, Eric A.; Andersen, Gary L.; Shin, Jae-Ho

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0177626

Bacterial community structure transformed after thermophilically composting human waste in Haiti

Journal Article · Thu Jun 01 00:00:00 EDT 2017 · PLoS ONE

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0177626· OSTI ID:1627825

Piceno, Yvette M. ^[1]; Pecora-Black, Gabrielle ^[2]; Kramer, Sasha ^[3]; Roy, Monika ^[3]; Reid, Francine C. ^[4]; Dubinsky, Eric A. ^[4]; ^[4]; Shin, Jae-Ho

Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Earth and Environmental Sciences Area. Ecology Dept.; DOE/OSTI
Univ. of California, Davis, CA (United States). Agricultural & Environmental Chemistry Graduate Group
Sustainable Organic Integrated Livelihoods, Port-au-Prince (Haiti)
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Earth and Environmental Sciences Area. Ecology Dept.

Recycling human waste for beneficial use has been practiced for millennia. Aerobic (thermophilic) composting of sewage sludge has been shown to reduce populations of opportunistically pathogenic bacteria and to inactivate both Ascaris eggs and culturable Escherichia coli in raw waste, but there is still a question about the fate of most fecal bacteria when raw material is composted directly. This study undertook a comprehensive microbial community analysis of composting material at various stages collected over 6 months at two composting facilities in Haiti. The fecal microbiota signal was monitored using a high-density DNA microarray (PhyloChip). Thermophilic composting altered the bacterial community structure of the starting material. Typical fecal bacteria classified in the following groups were present in at least half the starting material samples, yet were reduced below detection in finished compost: Prevotella and Erysipelotrichaceae (100% reduction of initial presence), Ruminococcaceae (98–99%), Lachnospiraceae (83–94%, primarily unclassified taxa remained), Escherichia and Shigella (100%). Opportunistic pathogens were reduced below the level of detection in the final product with the exception of Clostridium tetani, which could have survived in a spore state or been reintroduced late in the outdoor maturation process. Conversely, thermotolerant or thermophilic Actinomycetes and Firmicutes (e.g., Thermobifida, Bacillus, Geobacillus) typically found in compost increased substantially during the thermophilic stage. This community DNA-based assessment of the fate of human fecal microbiota during thermophilic composting will help optimize this process as a sanitation solution in areas where infrastructure and resources are limited.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER). Biological Systems Science Division

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231

OSTI ID:: 1627825

Journal Information:: PLoS ONE, Journal Name: PLoS ONE Journal Issue: 6 Vol. 12; ISSN 1932-6203

Publisher:: Public Library of ScienceCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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