Synthesizing and Salvaging NAD+: Lessons Learned from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Lin, Huawen; Kwan, Alan L.; Dutcher, Susan K.

doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1001105

Title: Synthesizing and Salvaging NAD+: Lessons Learned from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Journal Article · Thu Sep 09 00:00:00 EDT 2010 · PLoS Genetics

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1001105· OSTI ID:1627286

Lin, Huawen ^[1]; Kwan, Alan L. ^[2]; Dutcher, Susan K. ^[1]

Washington Univ., St. Louis, MO (United States). School of Medicine. Dept. of Genetics
Washington Univ., St. Louis, MO (United States). Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering

The essential coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+ ) plays important roles in metabolic reactions and cell regulation in all organisms. Bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals use different pathways to synthesize NAD+ . Our molecular and genetic data demonstrate that in the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas NAD+ is synthesized from aspartate (de novo synthesis), as in plants, or nicotinamide, as in mammals (salvage synthesis). The de novo pathway requires five different enzymes: L-aspartate oxidase (ASO), quinolinate synthetase (QS), quinolate phosphoribosyltransferase (QPT), nicotinate/ nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase (NMNAT), and NAD+ synthetase (NS). Sequence similarity searches, gene isolation and sequencing of mutant loci indicate that mutations in each enzyme result in a nicotinamide-requiring mutant phenotype in the previously isolated nic mutants. We rescued the mutant phenotype by the introduction of BAC DNA (nic2- 1 and nic13-1) or plasmids with cloned genes (nic1-1 and nic15-1) into the mutants. NMNAT, which is also in the de novo pathway, and nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) constitute the nicotinamide-dependent salvage pathway. A mutation in NAMPT (npt1-1) has no obvious growth defect and is not nicotinamide-dependent. However, double mutant strains with the npt1-1 mutation and any of the nic mutations are inviable. When the de novo pathway is inactive, the salvage pathway is essential to Chlamydomonas for the synthesis of NAD+ . A homolog of the human SIRT6-like gene, SRT2, is upregulated in the NS mutant, which shows a longer vegetative life span than wild-type cells. Our results suggest that Chlamydomonas is an excellent model system to study NAD+ metabolism and cell longevity.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER). Biological Systems Science Division

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231

OSTI ID:: 1627286

Journal Information:: PLoS Genetics, Vol. 6, Issue 9; ISSN 1553-7404

Publisher:: Public Library of ScienceCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Whole Genome Sequencing Identifies a Deletion in Protein Phosphatase 2A That Affects Its Stability and Localization in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Lin, Huawen; Miller, Michelle L.; Granas, David M. PLoS Genetics, Vol. 9, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1003841	journal	September 2013
Transgene Expression in Microalgae—From Tools to Applications Doron, Lior; Segal, Na'ama; Shapira, Michal Frontiers in Plant Science, Vol. 7 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.00505	journal	April 2016
Multiple origins of endosymbionts in Chlorellaceae with no reductive effects on the plastid or mitochondrial genomes Fan, Weishu; Guo, Wenhu; Van Etten, James L. Scientific Reports, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-10388-w	journal	August 2017

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