Origin of an Alternative Genetic Code in the Extremely Small and GC–Rich Genome of a Bacterial Symbiont

McCutcheon, John P.; McDonald, Bradon R.; Moran, Nancy A.

doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1000565

Origin of an Alternative Genetic Code in the Extremely Small and GC–Rich Genome of a Bacterial Symbiont

Journal Article · Fri Jul 17 00:00:00 EDT 2009 · PLoS Genetics

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1000565· OSTI ID:1627276

McCutcheon, John P. ^[1]; McDonald, Bradon R. ^[2]; Moran, Nancy A. ^[2]

Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (United States). Center for Insect Science; Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (United States). Dept. of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; DOE/OSTI
Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (United States). Dept. of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology

The genetic code relates nucleotide sequence to amino acid sequence and is shared across all organisms, with the rare exceptions of lineages in which one or a few codons have acquired novel assignments. Recoding of UGA from stop to tryptophan has evolved independently in certain reduced bacterial genomes, including those of the mycoplasmas and some mitochondria. Small genomes typically exhibit low guanine plus cytosine (GC) content, and this bias in base composition has been proposed to drive UGA Stop to Tryptophan (StopRTrp) recoding. Using a combination of genome sequencing and high-throughput proteomics, we show that an a-Proteobacterial symbiont of cicadas has the unprecedented combination of an extremely small genome (144 kb), a GC–biased base composition (58.4%), and a coding reassignment of UGA StopRTrp. Although it is not clear why this tiny genome lacks the low GC content typical of other small bacterial genomes, these observations support a role of genome reduction rather than base composition as a driver of codon reassignment.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Institutes of Health (NIH); National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER). Biological Systems Science Division

OSTI ID:: 1627276

Journal Information:: PLoS Genetics, Journal Name: PLoS Genetics Journal Issue: 7 Vol. 5; ISSN 1553-7404

Publisher:: Public Library of ScienceCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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