The Life-Cycle of Operons

Price, Morgan N.; Arkin, Adam P.; Alm, Eric J.

doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.0020096

Title: The Life-Cycle of Operons

Journal Article · Fri Jun 23 00:00:00 EDT 2006 · PLoS Genetics

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.0020096· OSTI ID:1627266

Price, Morgan N. ^[1]; Arkin, Adam P. ^[2]; Alm, Eric J. ^[1]

Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Univ. of California, San Francisco, CA (United States). Virtual Inst. for Microbial Stress and Survival
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Univ. of California, San Francisco, CA (United States). Virtual Inst. for Microbial Stress and Survival; Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States). Dept. of Bioengineering; Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States). Howard Hughes Medical Inst.

Operons are a major feature of all prokaryotic genomes, but how and why operon structures vary is not well understood. To elucidate the life-cycle of operons, we compared gene order between Escherichia coli K12 and its relatives and identified the recently formed and destroyed operons in E. coli. This allowed us to determine how operons form, how they become closely spaced, and how they die. Our findings suggest that operon evolution may be driven by selection on gene expression patterns. First, both operon creation and operon destruction lead to large changes in gene expression patterns. For example, the removal of lysA and ruvA from ancestral operons that contained essential genes allowed their expression to respond to lysine levels and DNA damage, respectively. Second, some operons have undergone accelerated evolution, with multiple new genes being added during a brief period. Third, although genes within operons are usually closely spaced because of a neutral bias toward deletion and because of selection against large overlaps, genes in highly expressed operons tend to be widely spaced because of regulatory fine-tuning by intervening sequences. Although operon evolution may be adaptive, it need not be optimal: new operons often comprise functionally unrelated genes that were already in proximity before the operon formed.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231

OSTI ID:: 1627266

Journal Information:: PLoS Genetics, Vol. 2, Issue 6; ISSN 1553-7404

Publisher:: Public Library of ScienceCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
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phylogenetic analysis
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Title: The Life-Cycle of Operons

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