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Molecular insights into how a deficiency of amylose affects carbon allocation -- carbohydrate and oil analyses and gene expression profiling in the seeds of a rice waxy mutant

Journal Article · · BMC Plant Biology
 [1];  [2];  [3];  [2];  [4];  [5];  [5];  [6];  [5];  [7]
  1. JiLiang Univ., Hangshou (China). College of Life Science; DOE/OSTI
  2. JiLiang Univ., Hangshou (China). College of Life Science
  3. Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala (Sweden). Linnean Center for Plant Biology. Uppsala BioCenter. Dept. of Plant Biology & Forest Genetics; Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou (China). Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Inst. Heihe Key Lab. of Ecohydrology and Integrated River Basin Science
  4. Zhejiang Univ. of Technology, Hangzhou (China). Inst. of Nuclar Agricultural Sciences
  5. Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala (Sweden). Uppsala Biomedical Centre. Dept. of Food Science
  6. Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Earth Sciences Division
  7. Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala (Sweden). Linnean Center for Plant Biology. Uppsala BioCenter. Dept. of Plant Biology & Forest Genetics
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Background: Understanding carbon partitioning in cereal seeds is of critical importance to develop cereal crops with enhanced starch yields for food security and for producing specified end-products high in amylose, β-glucan, or fructan, such as functional foods or oils for biofuel applications. Waxy mutants of cereals have a high content of amylopectin and have been well characterized. However, the allocation of carbon to other components, such as β-glucan and oils, and the regulation of the altered carbon distribution to amylopectin in a waxy mutant are poorly understood. In this study, we used a rice mutant, GM077, with a low content of amylose to gain molecular insight into how a deficiency of amylose affects carbon allocation to other end products and to amylopectin. We used carbohydrate analysis, subtractive cDNA libraries, and qPCR to identify candidate genes potentially responsible for the changes in carbon allocation in GM077 seeds. Results: Carbohydrate analysis indicated that the content of amylose in GM077 seeds was significantly reduced, while that of amylopectin significantly rose as compared to the wild type BP034. The content of glucose, sucrose, total starch, cell-wall polysaccharides and oil were only slightly affected in the mutant as compared to the wild type. Suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) experiments generated 116 unigenes in the mutant on the wild-type background. Among the 116 unigenes, three, AGP, ISA1 and SUSIBA2-like, were found to be directly involved in amylopectin synthesis, indicating their possible roles in redirecting carbon flux from amylose to amylopectin. A bioinformatics analysis of the putative SUSIBA2-like binding elements in the promoter regions of the upregulated genes indicated that the SUSIBA2-like transcription factor may be instrumental in promoting the carbon reallocation from amylose to amylopectin. Conclusion: Analyses of carbohydrate and oil fractions and gene expression profiling on a global scale in the rice waxy mutant GM077 revealed several candidate genes implicated in the carbon reallocation response to an amylose deficiency, including genes encoding AGPase and SUSIBA2-like. We believe that AGP and SUSIBA2 are two promising targets for classical breeding and/or transgenic plant improvement to control the carbon flux between starch and other components in cereal seeds.
Research Organization:
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER). Earth and Environmental Systems Science Division
Grant/Contract Number:
AC02-05CH11231
OSTI ID:
1626503
Journal Information:
BMC Plant Biology, Journal Name: BMC Plant Biology Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 12; ISSN 1471-2229
Publisher:
BioMed CentralCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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Cited By (9)

OsBT1 encodes an ADP-glucose transporter involved in starch synthesis and compound granule formation in rice endosperm journal January 2017
FLOURY ENDOSPERM7 encodes a regulator of starch synthesis and amyloplast development essential for peripheral endosperm development in rice journal November 2015
Combining mutations at genes encoding key enzymes involved in starch synthesis affects the amylose content, carbohydrate allocation and hardness in the wheat grain journal April 2018
T-6b allocates more assimilation product for oil synthesis and less for polysaccharide synthesis during the seed development of Arabidopsis thaliana journal January 2017
Morphological and physicochemical properties of two starch mutants induced from a high amylose indica rice by gamma irradiation journal July 2013
FLOURY ENDOSPERM15 encodes a glyoxalase I involved in compound granule formation and starch synthesis in rice endosperm journal January 2019
CRISPR/Cas9 mutations in the rice Waxy/GBSSI gene induce allele-specific and zygosity-dependent feedback effects on endosperm starch biosynthesis journal February 2019
Expression of barley SUSIBA2 transcription factor yields high-starch low-methane rice journal July 2015
NF ‐ YB 1‐ YC 12‐ bHLH 144 complex directly activates Wx to regulate grain quality in rice ( Oryza sativa L.) journal January 2019

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Related Subjects

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
Carbon allocation
Gene expression
Plant Sciences
Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)
Rice (Oryza sativa)
Suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH)
Waxy seeds