Emergence, development and diversification of the TGF-β signalling pathway within the animal kingdom

Huminiecki, Lukasz; Goldovsky, Leon; Freilich, Shiri; Moustakas, Aristidis; Ouzounis, Christos; Heldin, Carl-Henrik

doi:10.1186/1471-2148-9-28

Title: Emergence, development and diversification of the TGF-β signalling pathway within the animal kingdom

Journal Article · Tue Feb 03 00:00:00 EST 2009 · BMC Evolutionary Biology (Online)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-9-28· OSTI ID:1626383

Huminiecki, Lukasz ^[1]; Goldovsky, Leon ^[2]; Freilich, Shiri ^[2]; Moustakas, Aristidis ^[1]; Ouzounis, Christos ^[2]; Heldin, Carl-Henrik ^[1]

Uppsala Univ. (Sweden). Ludwig Inst. for Cancer Research
Inst. of Agrobiotechnology, Thessaloniki (Greece). Computational Genomics

Background: The question of how genomic processes, such as gene duplication, give rise to coordinated organismal properties, such as emergence of new body plans, organs and lifestyles, is of importance in developmental and evolutionary biology. Herein, we focus on the diversification of the transforming growth factor-b (TGF-b) pathway – one of the fundamental and versatile metazoan signal transduction engines. Results: After an investigation of 33 genomes, we show that the emergence of the TGF-b pathway coincided with appearance of the first known animal species. The primordial pathway repertoire consisted of four Smads and four receptors, similar to those observed in the extant genome of the early diverging tablet animal (Trichoplax adhaerens). We subsequently retrace duplications in ancestral genomes on the lineage leading to humans, as well as lineage-specific duplications, such as those which gave rise to novel Smads and receptors in teleost fishes. We conclude that the diversification of the TGF-b pathway can be parsimoniously explained according to the 2R model, with additional rounds of duplications in teleost fishes. Finally, we investigate duplications followed by accelerated evolution which gave rise to an atypical TGF-b pathway in free-living bacterial feeding nematodes of the genus Rhabditis. Conclusion: Our results challenge the view of well-conserved developmental pathways. The TGFb signal transduction engine has expanded through gene duplication, continually adopting new functions, as animals grew in anatomical complexity, colonized new environments, and developed an active immune system.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER). Biological Systems Science Division

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231

OSTI ID:: 1626383

Journal Information:: BMC Evolutionary Biology (Online), Vol. 9, Issue 1; ISSN 1471-2148

Publisher:: BioMed CentralCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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