Ionic Liquids Impact the Bioenergy Feedstock-Degrading Microbiome and Transcription of Enzymes Relevant to Polysaccharide Hydrolysis [plus supplementary information]

Wu, Yu-Wei; Higgins, Brendan; Yu, Chaowei; Reddy, Amitha P.; Ceballos, Shannon; Joh, Lawrence D.; Simmons, Blake A.; Singer, Steven W.; VanderGheynst, Jean S.

doi:10.1128/msystems.00120-16

Title: Ionic Liquids Impact the Bioenergy Feedstock-Degrading Microbiome and Transcription of Enzymes Relevant to Polysaccharide Hydrolysis [plus supplementary information]

Journal Article · Tue Dec 13 00:00:00 EST 2016 · mSystems

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1128/msystems.00120-16· OSTI ID:1626170

Wu, Yu-Wei ^[1];

^[2]; Yu, Chaowei ^[3]; Reddy, Amitha P. ^[3]; Ceballos, Shannon ^[3]; Joh, Lawrence D. ^[3]; Simmons, Blake A. ^[4]; Singer, Steven W. ^[5];

^[6]

Joint BioEnergy Inst. (JBEI), Emeryville, CA (United States); Taipei Medical Univ. (Taiwan); Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology
Univ. of California, Davis, CA (United States). Biological and Agricultural Engineering; Auburn Univ., AL (United States). Biosystems Engineering
Univ. of California, Davis, CA (United States). Biological and Agricultural Engineering
Joint BioEnergy Inst. (JBEI), Emeryville, CA (United States); Sandia National Lab. (SNL-CA), Livermore, CA (United States)
Joint BioEnergy Inst. (JBEI), Emeryville, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Joint BioEnergy Inst. (JBEI), Emeryville, CA (United States); Univ. of California, Davis, CA (United States)

Pretreatment using ionic liquids (IL) is a promising approach for the conversion of lignocellulose to biofuels. Because IL can be inhibitory to enzymes and microorganisms involved in downstream hydrolysis and fermentation steps, discovery of IL-tolerant organisms and enzymes is critical for advancing this technology. Employing metatranscriptomics in the analysis of IL-enriched cultures facilitated tracking of dynamic changes in a complex microbial community at the level of gene transcription and doing so with genome resolution. Specific organisms were discovered that could simultaneously tolerate a moderate IL concentration and transcribe a diverse array of cellulolytic enzymes. Gene sequences of cellulolytic enzymes and efflux pumps from those same organisms were also identified, providing important resources for future research on engineering IL-tolerant organisms and enzymes. Ionic liquid (IL) pretreatment is a promising approach for the conversion of lignocellulose to biofuels. The toxicity of residual IL, however, negatively impacts the performance of industrial enzymes and microorganisms in hydrolysis and fermentation. In this study, a thermophilic microbial community was cultured on switchgrass amended with various levels of the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate. Changes in the microbial community composition and transcription of genes relevant to IL tolerance and lignocellulose hydrolysis were quantified. Increasing the level of IL to 0.1% (wt) led to increased levels of relative abundance and transcription in organisms of the phylum Firmicutes. Interestingly, IL concentrations of up to 1% (wt) also resulted in greater xylanase transcription and enzyme activity as well as increased transcription of endoglucanase, beta-glucosidase, and IL tolerance genes compared to communities without IL. IL levels above 1% (wt) resulted in decreased enzyme activity and transcription of genes involved in lignocellulose hydrolysis. The results indicate that moderate levels of IL select for thermophilic microorganisms that not only tolerate IL but also effectively hydrolyze lignocellulose from switchgrass. Discovery of IL-tolerant organisms and enzymes is critical for the development of biological processes that convert IL-pretreated biomass to biofuels and chemicals. Employing metatranscriptomic analysis of enrichment cultures can facilitate the discovery of microorganisms and enzymes that may be active in the presence of toxic compounds such as ionic liquids.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); USDOE Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Berkeley, CA (United States); USDOE Bioenergy Research Centers (BRC) (United States). Joint BioEnergy Institute (JBEI)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231

OSTI ID:: 1626170

Journal Information:: mSystems, Vol. 1, Issue 6; ISSN 2379-5077

Publisher:: American Society for MicrobiologyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 10 works

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Title: Ionic Liquids Impact the Bioenergy Feedstock-Degrading Microbiome and Transcription of Enzymes Relevant to Polysaccharide Hydrolysis [plus supplementary information]

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