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Title: Differential Functional Constraints Cause Strain-Level Endemism in Polynucleobacter Populations

Journal Article · · mSystems
 [1];  [2];  [1];  [3];  [2];  [4];  [3];  [1]
  1. Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Biosciences Division; Univ. of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (United States). Dept. of Surgery and Dept. of Ecology and Evolution
  2. Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Biosciences Division
  3. Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Energy Systems Division
  4. Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago, Cicero, IL (United States)

The adaptation of bacterial lineages to local environmental conditions creates the potential for broader genotypic diversity within a species, which can enable a species to dominate across ecological gradients because of niche flexibility. The genus Polynucleobacter maintains both free-living and symbiotic ecotypes and maintains an apparently ubiquitous distribution in freshwater ecosystems. Subspecies-level resolution supplemented with metagenome-derived genotype analysis revealed that differential functional constraints, not geographic distance, produce and maintain strain-level genetic conservation in Polynucleobacter populations across three geographically proximal riverine environments. Genes associated with cofactor biosynthesis and one-carbon metabolism showed habitat specificity, and protein-coding genes of unknown function and membrane transport proteins were under positive selection across each habitat. Characterized by different median ratios of nonsynonymous to synonymous evolutionary changes (dN/dS ratios) and a limited but statistically significant negative correlation between the dN/dS ratio and codon usage bias between habitats, the free-living and core genotypes were observed to be evolving under strong purifying selection pressure. Highlighting the potential role of genetic adaptation to the local environment, the two-component system protein-coding genes were highly stable (dN/dS ratio, < 0.03). These results suggest that despite the impact of the habitat on genetic diversity, and hence niche partition, strong environmental selection pressure maintains a conserved core genome for Polynucleobacter populations.

Research Organization:
Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER). Biological Systems Science Division
Grant/Contract Number:
AC02-06CH11357
OSTI ID:
1626163
Journal Information:
mSystems, Vol. 1, Issue 3; ISSN 2379-5077
Publisher:
American Society for MicrobiologyCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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Gene Expansion and Positive Selection as Bacterial Adaptations to Oligotrophic Conditions journal February 2019
Microdiversity ensures the maintenance of functional microbial communities under changing environmental conditions journal August 2019

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