On the Origin and Evolution of Vertebrate Olfactory Receptor Genes: Comparative Genome Analysis Among 23 Chordate Species

Niimura, Yoshihito

doi:10.1093/gbe/evp003

On the Origin and Evolution of Vertebrate Olfactory Receptor Genes: Comparative Genome Analysis Among 23 Chordate Species

Journal Article · Thu Apr 30 00:00:00 EDT 2009 · Genome Biology and Evolution

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evp003· OSTI ID:1625322

Niimura, Yoshihito ^[1]

Tokyo Medical and Dental Univ., Tokyo (Japan). Medical Research Inst. Dept. of Bioinformatics; DOE/OSTI

Olfaction is a primitive sense in organisms. Both vertebrates and insects have receptors for detecting odor molecules in the environment, but the evolutionary origins of these genes are different. Among studied vertebrates, mammals have ;1,000 olfactory receptor (OR) genes, whereas teleost fishes have much smaller (;100) numbers of OR genes. To investigate the origin and evolution of vertebrate OR genes, I attempted to determine near-complete OR gene repertoires by searching whole-genome sequences of 14 nonmammalian chordates, including cephalochordates (amphioxus), urochordates (ascidian and larvacean), and vertebrates (sea lamprey, elephant shark, five teleost fishes, frog, lizard, and chicken), followed by a large-scale phylogenetic analysis in conjunction with mammalian OR genes identified from nine species. This analysis showed that the amphioxus has .30 vertebrate-type OR genes though it lacks distinctive olfactory organs, whereas all OR genes appear to have been lost in the urochordate lineage. Some groups of genes (h, j, and k) that are phylogenetically nested within vertebrate OR genes showed few gene gains and losses, which is in sharp contrast to the evolutionary pattern of OR genes, suggesting that they are actually non-OR genes. Moreover, the analysis demonstrated a great difference in OR gene repertoires between aquatic and terrestrial vertebrates, reflecting the necessity for the detection of water-soluble and airborne odorants, respectively. However, a minor group (b) of genes that are atypically present in both aquatic and terrestrial vertebrates was also found. These findings should provide a critical foundation for further physiological, behavioral, and evolutionary studies of olfaction in various organisms.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER). Biological Systems Science Division; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231

OSTI ID:: 1625322

Journal Information:: Genome Biology and Evolution, Journal Name: Genome Biology and Evolution Vol. 1; ISSN 1759-6653

Publisher:: Society for Molecular Biology and EvolutionCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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