Molecular Coupling of S4 to a K+ Channel's Slow Inactivation Gate

Loots, Eli; Isacoff, Ehud Y.

doi:10.1085/jgp.116.5.623

Molecular Coupling of S4 to a K⁺ Channel's Slow Inactivation Gate

Journal Article · Mon Oct 16 00:00:00 EDT 2000 · Journal of General Physiology

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1085/jgp.116.5.623· OSTI ID:1625205

Loots, Eli ^[1]; Isacoff, Ehud Y. ^[2]

Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Physical Biosciences Division. Dept. of Molecular and Cell Biology; DOE/OSTI
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Physical Biosciences Division. Dept. of Molecular and Cell Biology

The mechanism by which physiological signals regulate the conformation of molecular gates that open and close ion channels is poorly understood. Voltage clamp fluorometry was used to ask how the voltage-sensing S4 transmembrane domain is coupled to the slow inactivation gate in the pore domain of the Shaker K⁺ channel. Fluorophores attached at several sites in S4 indicate that the voltage-sensing rearrangements are followed by an additional inactivation motion. Fluorophores attached at the perimeter of the pore domain indicate that the inactivation rearrangement projects from the selectivity filter out to the interface with the voltage-sensing domain. Some of the pore domain sites also sense activation, and this appears to be due to a direct interaction with S4 based on the finding that S4 comes into close enough proximity to the pore domain for a pore mutation to alter the nanoenvironment of an S4-attached fluorophore. We propose that activation produces an S4–pore domain interaction that disrupts a bond between the S4 contact site on the pore domain and the outer end of S6. Our results indicate that this bond holds the slow inactivation gate open and, therefore, we propose that this S4-induced bond disruption triggers inactivation.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Institutes of Health (NIH); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER). Biological Systems Science Division

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231

OSTI ID:: 1625205

Journal Information:: Journal of General Physiology, Journal Name: Journal of General Physiology Journal Issue: 5 Vol. 116; ISSN 0022-1295

Publisher:: Rockefeller University PressCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (91)

Intracellular and extracellular amino acids that influence C-type inactivation and its modulation in a voltage-dependent potassium channel Kupper, J�rgen; Bowlby, Mark R.; Marom, Shimon Pfl�gers Archiv European Journal of Physiology, Vol. 430, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00373833	journal	May 1995
Inactivation determined by a single site in K+ pores De Biasi, M.; Hartmann, H. A.; Drewe, J. A. Pflügers Archiv, Vol. 422, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00374291	journal	January 1993
Molecular determinants of external barium block in Shaker potassium channels Hurst, Raymond S.; Toro, Ligia; Stefani, Enrico FEBS Letters, Vol. 388, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-5793(96)00516-9	journal	June 1996
Molecular characterization of Shaker, a Drosophila gene that encodes a potassium channel Kamb, Alexander; Iverson, Linda E.; Tanouye, Mark A. Cell, Vol. 50, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(87)90494-6	journal	July 1987
Four cDNA clones from the Shaker locus of Drosophila induce kinetically distinct A-type potassium currents in Xenopus oocytes Timpe, L. Neuron, Vol. 1, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1016/0896-6273(88)90165-1	journal	October 1988
Two types of inactivation in Shaker K⁺ channels: Effects of alterations in the carboxy-terminal region Hoshi, Toshinori; Zagotta, William N.; Aldrich, Richard W. Neuron, Vol. 7, Issue 4, p. 547-556 https://doi.org/10.1016/0896-6273(91)90367-9	journal	October 1991
Gating currents from a nonconducting mutant reveal open-closed conformations in Shaker K+ channels Perozo, Eduardo; MacKinnon, Roderick; Bezanilla, Francisco Neuron, Vol. 11, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0896-6273(93)90190-3	journal	August 1993
Modulation of K+ current by frequency and external [K+]: A tale of two inactivation mechanisms Baukrowitz, Thomas; Yellen, Gary Neuron, Vol. 15, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/0896-6273(95)90185-x	journal	October 1995
State-dependent inactivation of the Kv3 potassium channel Marom, S.; Levitan, I. B. Biophysical Journal, Vol. 67, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3495(94)80517-x	journal	August 1994
An engineered cysteine in the external mouth of a K+ channel allows inactivation to be modulated by metal binding Yellen, G.; Sodickson, D.; Chen, T. Y. Biophysical Journal, Vol. 66, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3495(94)80888-4	journal	April 1994
Recovery from C-type inactivation is modulated by extracellular potassium Levy, D. I.; Deutsch, C. Biophysical Journal, Vol. 70, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3495(96)79619-4	journal	February 1996
A Permeant Ion Binding Site Located between Two Gates of the Shaker K+ Channel Harris, R. E.; Larsson, H. P.; Isacoff, E. Y. Biophysical Journal, Vol. 74, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3495(98)77891-9	journal	April 1998
Modulation of C-Type Inactivation by K+ at the Potassium Channel Selectivity Filter Kiss, Laszlo; Korn, Stephen J. Biophysical Journal, Vol. 74, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3495(98)77894-4	journal	April 1998
Role of Individual Surface Charges of Voltage-Gated K Channels Elinder, Fredrik; Århem, Peter Biophysical Journal, Vol. 77, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3495(99)76984-5	journal	September 1999
Pore accessibility during C-type inactivation in Shaker K ⁺ channels Basso, Claudia; Labarca, Pedro; Stefani, Enrico FEBS Letters, Vol. 429, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0014-5793(98)00635-8	journal	June 1998
A Conserved Glutamate Is Important for Slow Inactivation in K+ Channels Larsson, H. Peter; Elinder, Fredrik Neuron, Vol. 27, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0896-6273(00)00067-2	journal	September 2000
Reconstructing Voltage Sensor–Pore Interaction from a Fluorescence Scan of a Voltage-Gated K+ Channel Gandhi, Chris S.; Loots, Eli; Isacoff, Ehud Y. Neuron, Vol. 27, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0896-6273(00)00068-4	journal	September 2000
Molecular Basis of Charge Movement in Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels Yang, Naibo; George, Alfred L.; Horn, Richard Neuron, Vol. 16, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80028-8	journal	January 1996
Spatial Localization of the K+ Channel Selectivity Filter by Mutant Cycle–Based Structure Analysis Ranganathan, Rama; Lewis, John H.; MacKinnon, Roderick Neuron, Vol. 16, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80030-6	journal	January 1996
Transmembrane Movement of the Shaker K+ Channel S4 Larsson, H. Peter; Baker, Oliver S.; Dhillon, Dalvinder S. Neuron, Vol. 16, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80056-2	journal	February 1996
Agitoxin Footprinting the Shaker Potassium Channel Pore Gross, Adrian; MacKinnon, Roderick Neuron, Vol. 16, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80057-4	journal	February 1996
Dynamic Rearrangement of the Outer Mouth of a K+ Channel during Gating Liu, Yi; Jurman, Mark E.; Yellen, Gary Neuron, Vol. 16, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80106-3	journal	April 1996
Voltage-Sensing Residues in the S2 and S4 Segments of the Shaker K+ Channel Seoh, Sang-Ah; Sigg, Daniel; Papazian, Diane M. Neuron, Vol. 16, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80142-7	journal	June 1996
Contribution of the S4 Segment to Gating Charge in the Shaker K+ Channel Aggarwal, Sanjay Kumar; MacKinnon, Roderick Neuron, Vol. 16, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80143-9	journal	June 1996
Characterizing Voltage-Dependent Conformational Changes in the K Channel with Fluorescence Cha, Albert; Bezanilla, Francisco Neuron, Vol. 19, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80403-1	journal	November 1997
Voltage-Dependent Proton Transport by the Voltage Sensor of the Shaker K+ Channel Starace, Dorine M.; Stefani, Enrico; Bezanilla, Francisco Neuron, Vol. 19, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80422-5	journal	December 1997
Three Transmembrane Conformations and Sequence-Dependent Displacement of the S4 Domain in Shaker K + Channel Gating Baker, O. S.; Larsson, H. P.; Mannuzzu, L. M. Neuron, Vol. 20, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80507-3	journal	June 1998
A Localized Interaction Surface for Voltage-Sensing Domains on the Pore Domain of a K+ Channel Li-Smerin, Yingying; Hackos, David H.; Swartz, Kenton J. Neuron, Vol. 25, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80904-6	journal	February 2000
The moving parts of voltage-gated ion channels Yellen, Gary Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics, Vol. 31, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033583598003448	journal	August 1998
Coassembly of Synthetic Segments of Shaker K ⁺ Channel within Phospholipid Membranes ^† Peled-Zehavi, Hadas; Arkin, Isaiah T.; Engelman, Donald M. Biochemistry, Vol. 35, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1021/bi952988t	journal	January 1996
Alteration of ionic selectivity of a K+ channel by mutation of the H5 region Yool, Andrea J.; Schwarz, Thomas L. Nature, Vol. 349, Issue 6311 https://doi.org/10.1038/349700a0	journal	February 1991
The inward rectification mechanism of the HERG cardiac potassium channel Smith, Paula L.; Baukrowitz, Thomas; Yellen, Gary Nature, Vol. 379, Issue 6568 https://doi.org/10.1038/379833a0	journal	February 1996
Atomic scale movement of the voltage-sensing region in a potassium channel measured via spectroscopy Cha, Albert; Snyder, Gregory E.; Selvin, Paul R. Nature, Vol. 402, Issue 6763 https://doi.org/10.1038/45552	journal	December 1999
Spectroscopic mapping of voltage sensor movement in the Shaker potassium channel Glauner, K. S.; Mannuzzu, L. M.; Gandhi, C. S. Nature, Vol. 402, Issue 6763 https://doi.org/10.1038/45561	journal	December 1999
Ion Conduction through C-Type Inactivated Shaker Channels Starkus, John G.; Kuschel, Lioba; Rayner, Martin D. The Journal of General Physiology, Vol. 110, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1085/jgp.110.5.539	journal	November 1997
Correlation between Charge Movement and Ionic Current during Slow Inactivation in Shaker K+ Channels Olcese, Riccardo; Latorre, Ramón; Toro, Ligia Journal of General Physiology, Vol. 110, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1085/jgp.110.5.579	journal	November 1997
Macroscopic Na ⁺ Currents in the “Nonconducting” Shaker Potassium Channel Mutant W434F Starkus, John G.; Kuschel, Lioba; Rayner, Martin D. The Journal of General Physiology, Vol. 112, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1085/jgp.112.1.85	journal	July 1998
Protein Rearrangements Underlying Slow Inactivation of the Shaker K+ Channel Loots, E.; Isacoff, E. Y. Journal of General Physiology, Vol. 112, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1085/jgp.112.4.377	journal	October 1998
Structural Implications of Fluorescence Quenching in the Shaker K+ Channel Cha, Albert; Bezanilla, Francisco Journal of General Physiology, Vol. 112, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1085/jgp.112.4.391	journal	October 1998
Potassium-dependent Changes in the Conformation of the Kv2.1 Potassium Channel Pore Immke, David; Wood, Michael; Kiss, Laszlo Journal of General Physiology, Vol. 113, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1085/jgp.113.6.819	journal	June 1999
α-Helical Structural Elements within the Voltage-Sensing Domains of a K+ Channel Li-Smerin, Yingying; Hackos, David H.; Swartz, Kenton J. Journal of General Physiology, Vol. 115, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1085/jgp.115.1.33	journal	December 1999
Deletion of the S3–S4 Linker in theShaker Potassium Channel Reveals Two Quenching Groups near the outside of S4 Sørensen, J. B.; Cha, A.; Latorre, R. Journal of General Physiology, Vol. 115, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1085/jgp.115.2.209	journal	February 2000
Collapse of Conductance Is Prevented by a Glutamate Residue Conserved in Voltage-Dependent K+ Channels Ortega-Sáenz, Patricia; Pardal, Ricardo; Castellano, Antonio Journal of General Physiology, Vol. 116, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1085/jgp.116.2.181	journal	July 2000
Direct Physical Measure of Conformational Rearrangement Underlying Potassium Channel Gating Mannuzzu, L. M.; Moronne, M. M.; Isacoff, E. Y. Science, Vol. 271, Issue 5246 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.271.5246.213	journal	January 1996
The role of the divergent amino and carboxyl domains on the inactivation properties of potassium channels derived from the Shaker gene of Drosophila Iverson, Le; Rudy, B. The Journal of Neuroscience, Vol. 10, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.10-09-02903.1990	journal	September 1990
Ultrafast Inactivation Causes Inward Rectification in a Voltage-Gated K ⁺ Channel from Caenorhabditis elegans Fleischhauer, Richard; Davis, M. Wayne; Dzhura, Igor The Journal of Neuroscience, Vol. 20, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.20-02-00511.2000	journal	January 2000
Intracellular and extracellular amino acids that influence C-type inactivation and its modulation in a voltage-dependent potassium channel Kupper, J�rgen; Bowlby, Mark R.; Marom, Shimon Pfl�gers Archiv European Journal of Physiology, Vol. 430, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00373833	journal	May 1995
Inactivation determined by a single site in K+ pores De Biasi, M.; Hartmann, H. A.; Drewe, J. A. Pflügers Archiv, Vol. 422, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00374291	journal	January 1993
Measurement of the movement of the S4 segment during the activation of a voltage-gated potassium channel Yusaf, Shahnaz P.; Wray, Dennis; Sivaprasadarao, A. Pfl�gers Archiv European Journal of Physiology, Vol. 433, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s004240050253	journal	November 1996
Evidence for voltage-dependent S4 movement in sodium channels Yang, Naibo; Horn, Richard Neuron, Vol. 15, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/0896-6273(95)90078-0	journal	July 1995
Modulation of K+ current by frequency and external [K+]: A tale of two inactivation mechanisms Baukrowitz, Thomas; Yellen, Gary Neuron, Vol. 15, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/0896-6273(95)90185-X	journal	October 1995
State-dependent inactivation of the Kv3 potassium channel Marom, S.; Levitan, I. B. Biophysical Journal, Vol. 67, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3495(94)80517-X	journal	August 1994
Cysteines in the Shaker K+ channel are not essential for channel activity or zinc modulation Boland, L. M.; Jurman, M. E.; Yellen, G. Biophysical Journal, Vol. 66, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3495(94)80843-4	journal	March 1994
An engineered cysteine in the external mouth of a K+ channel allows inactivation to be modulated by metal binding Yellen, G.; Sodickson, D.; Chen, T. Y. Biophysical Journal, Vol. 66, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3495(94)80888-4	journal	April 1994
Recovery from C-type inactivation is modulated by extracellular potassium Levy, D. I.; Deutsch, C. Biophysical Journal, Vol. 70, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3495(96)79619-4	journal	February 1996
Inactivation of Kv2.1 Potassium Channels Klemic, Kathryn G.; Shieh, Char-Chang; Kirsch, Glenn E. Biophysical Journal, Vol. 74, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3495(98)77888-9	journal	April 1998
A Permeant Ion Binding Site Located between Two Gates of the Shaker K+ Channel Harris, R. E.; Larsson, H. P.; Isacoff, E. Y. Biophysical Journal, Vol. 74, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3495(98)77891-9	journal	April 1998
Modulation of C-Type Inactivation by K+ at the Potassium Channel Selectivity Filter Kiss, Laszlo; Korn, Stephen J. Biophysical Journal, Vol. 74, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3495(98)77894-4	journal	April 1998
Role of Individual Surface Charges of Voltage-Gated K Channels Elinder, Fredrik; Århem, Peter Biophysical Journal, Vol. 77, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3495(99)76984-5	journal	September 1999
Contribution of the Selectivity Filter to Inactivation in Potassium Channels Kiss, Laszlo; LoTurco, Joseph; Korn, Stephen J. Biophysical Journal, Vol. 76, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3495(99)77194-8	journal	January 1999
Pore accessibility during C-type inactivation in Shaker K ⁺ channels Basso, Claudia; Labarca, Pedro; Stefani, Enrico FEBS Letters, Vol. 429, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0014-5793(98)00635-8	journal	June 1998
A Conserved Glutamate Is Important for Slow Inactivation in K+ Channels Larsson, H. Peter; Elinder, Fredrik Neuron, Vol. 27, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0896-6273(00)00067-2	journal	September 2000
Reconstructing Voltage Sensor–Pore Interaction from a Fluorescence Scan of a Voltage-Gated K+ Channel Gandhi, Chris S.; Loots, Eli; Isacoff, Ehud Y. Neuron, Vol. 27, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0896-6273(00)00068-4	journal	September 2000
Molecular Basis of Charge Movement in Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels Yang, Naibo; George, Alfred L.; Horn, Richard Neuron, Vol. 16, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80028-8	journal	January 1996
Spatial Localization of the K+ Channel Selectivity Filter by Mutant Cycle–Based Structure Analysis Ranganathan, Rama; Lewis, John H.; MacKinnon, Roderick Neuron, Vol. 16, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80030-6	journal	January 1996
Transmembrane Movement of the Shaker K+ Channel S4 Larsson, H. Peter; Baker, Oliver S.; Dhillon, Dalvinder S. Neuron, Vol. 16, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80056-2	journal	February 1996
Agitoxin Footprinting the Shaker Potassium Channel Pore Gross, Adrian; MacKinnon, Roderick Neuron, Vol. 16, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80057-4	journal	February 1996
Dynamic Rearrangement of the Outer Mouth of a K+ Channel during Gating Liu, Yi; Jurman, Mark E.; Yellen, Gary Neuron, Vol. 16, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80106-3	journal	April 1996
Voltage-Sensing Residues in the S2 and S4 Segments of the Shaker K+ Channel Seoh, Sang-Ah; Sigg, Daniel; Papazian, Diane M. Neuron, Vol. 16, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80142-7	journal	June 1996
Contribution of the S4 Segment to Gating Charge in the Shaker K+ Channel Aggarwal, Sanjay Kumar; MacKinnon, Roderick Neuron, Vol. 16, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80143-9	journal	June 1996
Characterizing Voltage-Dependent Conformational Changes in the K Channel with Fluorescence Cha, Albert; Bezanilla, Francisco Neuron, Vol. 19, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80403-1	journal	November 1997
Voltage-Dependent Proton Transport by the Voltage Sensor of the Shaker K+ Channel Starace, Dorine M.; Stefani, Enrico; Bezanilla, Francisco Neuron, Vol. 19, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80422-5	journal	December 1997
Three Transmembrane Conformations and Sequence-Dependent Displacement of the S4 Domain in Shaker K + Channel Gating Baker, O. S.; Larsson, H. P.; Mannuzzu, L. M. Neuron, Vol. 20, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80507-3	journal	June 1998
A Localized Interaction Surface for Voltage-Sensing Domains on the Pore Domain of a K+ Channel Li-Smerin, Yingying; Hackos, David H.; Swartz, Kenton J. Neuron, Vol. 25, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80904-6	journal	February 2000
The moving parts of voltage-gated ion channels Yellen, Gary Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics, Vol. 31, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033583598003448	journal	August 1998
Evidence for the formation of heteromultimeric potassium channels in Xenopus oocytes Isacoff, Ehud Y.; Jan, Yuh Nung; Jan, Lily Yeh Nature, Vol. 345, Issue 6275 https://doi.org/10.1038/345530a0	journal	June 1990
Putative receptor for the cytoplasmic inactivation gate in the Shaker K+ channel Isacoff, Ehud Y.; Jan, Yuh Nung; Jan, Lily Yeh Nature, Vol. 353, Issue 6339 https://doi.org/10.1038/353086a0	journal	September 1991
Primary structure and functional expression of a mouse inward rectifier potassium channel Kubo, Yoshihiro; Baldwin, Timothy J.; Nung Jan, Yuh Nature, Vol. 362, Issue 6416 https://doi.org/10.1038/362127a0	journal	March 1993
Tethered blockers as molecular ‘tape measures’ for a voltage-gated K⁺ channel Miller, Christopher; Blaustein, Robert O.; Cole, Philip A. Nature Structural Biology, Vol. 7, Issue 4, p. 309-311 https://doi.org/10.1038/74076	journal	April 2000
Fast inactivation causes rectification of the IKr channel. Spector, P. S.; Curran, M. E.; Zou, A. Journal of General Physiology, Vol. 107, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1085/jgp.107.5.611	journal	May 1996
How Does the W434F Mutation Block Current in Shaker Potassium Channels? Yang, Youshan; Yan, Yangyang; Sigworth, Fred J. Journal of General Physiology, Vol. 109, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1085/jgp.109.6.779	journal	June 1997
A Mutation in S6 of Shaker Potassium Channels Decreases the K+ Affinity of an Ion Binding Site Revealing Ion–Ion Interactions in the Pore Ogielska, Eva M.; Aldrich, Richard W. Journal of General Physiology, Vol. 112, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1085/jgp.112.2.243	journal	August 1998
Helical Structure and Packing Orientation of the S2 Segment in the Shaker K ⁺ Channel Monks, Stephen A.; Needleman, Daniel J.; Miller, Christopher The Journal of General Physiology, Vol. 113, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1085/jgp.113.3.415	journal	March 1999
Role of Domain 4 in Sodium Channel Slow Inactivation Mitrovic, Nenad; George, Alfred L.; Horn, Richard Journal of General Physiology, Vol. 115, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1085/jgp.115.6.707	journal	June 2000
Pore mutations alter closing and opening kinetics in Shaker K ⁺ channels Molina, A.; Ortega-Sáenz, P.; López-Barneo, J. The Journal of Physiology, Vol. 509, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7793.1998.327bn.x	journal	June 1998
Biophysical and molecular mechanisms of Shaker potassium channel inactivation Hoshi, T.; Zagotta, W.; Aldrich, R. Science, Vol. 250, Issue 4980 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.2122519	journal	October 1990
Restoration of inactivation in mutants of Shaker potassium channels by a peptide derived from ShB Zagotta, W.; Hoshi, T.; Aldrich, R. Science, Vol. 250, Issue 4980 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.2122520	journal	October 1990
Use-Dependent Blockers and Exit Rate of the Last Ion from the Multi-Ion Pore of a K+ Channel Baukrowitz, T.; Yellen, G. Science, Vol. 271, Issue 5249 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.271.5249.653	journal	February 1996
The Structure of the Potassium Channel: Molecular Basis of K+ Conduction and Selectivity Doyle, D. A. Science, Vol. 280, Issue 5360 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.280.5360.69	journal	April 1998
The role of the divergent amino and carboxyl domains on the inactivation properties of potassium channels derived from the Shaker gene of Drosophila Iverson, Le; Rudy, B. The Journal of Neuroscience, Vol. 10, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.10-09-02903.1990	journal	September 1990
Ultrafast Inactivation Causes Inward Rectification in a Voltage-Gated K ⁺ Channel from Caenorhabditis elegans Fleischhauer, Richard; Davis, M. Wayne; Dzhura, Igor The Journal of Neuroscience, Vol. 20, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.20-02-00511.2000	journal	January 2000

Cited By (42)

Molecular Determinants of U-Type Inactivation in Kv2.1 Channels Cheng, Y. M.; Azer, J.; Niven, C. M. Biophysical Journal, Vol. 101, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2011.06.025	journal	August 2011
H Bonding at the Helix-Bundle Crossing Controls Gating in Kir Potassium Channels Rapedius, Markus; Fowler, Philip W.; Shang, Lijun Neuron, Vol. 55, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2007.07.026	journal	August 2007
Mechanism of Cd2+ Coordination during Slow Inactivation in Potassium Channels Raghuraman, H.; Cordero-Morales, Julio F.; Jogini, Vishwanath Structure, Vol. 20, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.str.2012.03.027	journal	August 2012
Modulation of Kv1.5 Potassium Channel Gating by Extracellular Zinc Zhang, Shetuan; Kehl, Steven J.; Fedida, David Biophysical Journal, Vol. 81, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3495(01)75686-x	journal	July 2001
A Single Residue Differentiates between Human Cardiac and Skeletal Muscle Na+ Channel Slow Inactivation Vilin, Yuriy Y.; Fujimoto, Esther; Ruben, Peter C. Biophysical Journal, Vol. 80, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3495(01)76195-4	journal	May 2001
Stretch-Activation and Stretch-Inactivation of Shaker-IR, a Voltage-Gated K+ Channel Gu, Cicely X.; Juranka, Peter F.; Morris, Catherine E. Biophysical Journal, Vol. 80, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3495(01)76237-6	journal	June 2001
Effect of External pH on Activation of the Kv1.5 Potassium Channel Trapani, Josef G.; Korn, Stephen J. Biophysical Journal, Vol. 84, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3495(03)74842-5	journal	January 2003
Pore Helices Play a Dynamic Role as Integrators of Domain Motion during Kv11.1 Channel Inactivation Gating Perry, Matthew D.; Ng, Chai Ann; Vandenberg, Jamie I. Journal of Biological Chemistry, Vol. 288, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m113.461442	journal	April 2013
S4 Charges Move Close to Residues in the Pore Domain during Activation in a K Channel Elinder, Fredrik; Männikkö, Roope; Larsson, H. Peter Journal of General Physiology, Vol. 118, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1085/jgp.118.1.1-a	journal	July 2001
Altered State Dependence of C-Type Inactivation in the Long and Short Forms of Human Kv1.5 Kurata, Harley T.; Soon, Gordon S.; Fedida, David Journal of General Physiology, Vol. 118, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1085/jgp.118.3.315	journal	August 2001
Movement and Crevices Around a Sodium Channel S3 Segment Nguyen, Thao P.; Horn, Richard The Journal of General Physiology, Vol. 120, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1085/jgp.20028636	journal	August 2002
The Search Is on for the Voltage Sensor-to-gate Coupling Larsson, H. Peter Journal of General Physiology, Vol. 120, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1085/jgp.20028657	journal	September 2002
Molecular Models of Voltage Sensing Gandhi, Chris S.; Isacoff, Ehud Y. Journal of General Physiology, Vol. 120, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1085/jgp.20028678	journal	September 2002
Membrane Tension Accelerates Rate-limiting Voltage-dependent Activation and Slow Inactivation Steps in a Shaker Channel Laitko, Ulrike; Morris, Catherine E. Journal of General Physiology, Vol. 123, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1085/jgp.200308965	journal	January 2004
Coupling Interactions between Voltage Sensors of the Sodium Channel as Revealed by Site-specific Measurements Chanda, Baron; Asamoah, Osei Kwame; Bezanilla, Francisco Journal of General Physiology, Vol. 123, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1085/jgp.200308971	journal	February 2004
Influence of Permeant Ions on Voltage Sensor Function in the Kv2.1 Potassium Channel Consiglio, Joseph F.; Korn, Stephen J. The Journal of General Physiology, Vol. 123, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1085/jgp.200308976	journal	March 2004
External Barium Affects the Gating of KCNQ1 Potassium Channels and Produces a Pore Block via Two Discrete Sites Gibor, Gilad; Yakubovich, Daniel; Peretz, Asher Journal of General Physiology, Vol. 124, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1085/jgp.200409068	journal	June 2004
A Direct Demonstration of Closed-State Inactivation of K+ Channels at Low pH Claydon, Thomas W.; Vaid, Moni; Rezazadeh, Saman Journal of General Physiology, Vol. 129, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1085/jgp.200709774	journal	April 2007
And Yet It Moves: Conformational States of the Ca2+ Channel Pore Olcese, Riccardo Journal of General Physiology, Vol. 129, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1085/jgp.200709814	journal	May 2007
Tl+-induced μs Gating of Current Indicates Instability of the MaxiK Selectivity Filter as Caused by Ion/Pore Interaction Schroeder, Indra; Hansen, Ulf-Peter Journal of General Physiology, Vol. 131, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1085/jgp.200809956	journal	March 2008
Voltage Clamp Fluorimetry Reveals a Novel Outer Pore Instability in a Mammalian Voltage-gated Potassium Channel Vaid, Moninder; Claydon, Thomas W.; Rezazadeh, Saman Journal of General Physiology, Vol. 132, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1085/jgp.200809978	journal	July 2008
A single charged voltage sensor is capable of gating the Shaker K+ channel Gagnon, Dominique G.; Bezanilla, Francisco Journal of General Physiology, Vol. 133, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1085/jgp.200810082	journal	April 2009
Molecular endpoints of Ca2+/calmodulin- and voltage-dependent inactivation of Cav1.3 channels Tadross, Michael R.; Johny, Manu Ben; Yue, David T. Journal of General Physiology, Vol. 135, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1085/jgp.200910308	journal	February 2010
Voltage-dependent inactivation gating at the selectivity filter of the MthK K+ channel Thomson, Andrew S.; Rothberg, Brad S. Journal of General Physiology, Vol. 136, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1085/jgp.201010507	journal	October 2010
The contribution of voltage clamp fluorometry to the understanding of channel and transporter mechanisms Cowgill, John; Chanda, Baron Journal of General Physiology, Vol. 151, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1085/jgp.201912372	journal	August 2019
Mechanosensitive Gating of Kv Channels Morris, Catherine E.; Prikryl, Emil A.; Joós, Béla PLOS ONE, Vol. 10, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0118335	journal	February 2015
The Pore, not Cytoplasmic Domains, Underlies Inactivation in a Prokaryotic Sodium Channel Pavlov, Evgeny; Bladen, Christopher; Winkfein, Robert Biophysical Journal, Vol. 89, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1529/biophysj.104.056994	journal	July 2005
Dual Stretch Responses of mHCN2 Pacemaker Channels: Accelerated Activation, Accelerated Deactivation Lin, Wei; Laitko, Ulrike; Juranka, Peter F. Biophysical Journal, Vol. 92, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1529/biophysj.106.092478	journal	March 2007
An Inactivation Gate in the Selectivity Filter of KCNQ1 Potassium Channels Gibor, Gilad; Yakubovich, Daniel; Rosenhouse-Dantsker, Avia Biophysical Journal, Vol. 93, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1529/biophysj.107.107987	journal	December 2007
Voltage Sensor Inactivation in Potassium Channels Bähring, Robert; Barghaan, Jan; Westermeier, Regina Frontiers in Pharmacology, Vol. 3 https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2012.00100	journal	January 2012
Hydrogen bonds as molecular timers for slow inactivation in voltage-gated potassium channels Pless, Stephan A.; Galpin, Jason D.; Niciforovic, Ana P. eLife, Vol. 2 https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.01289	journal	December 2013
Drug block of the hERG potassium channel: Insight from modeling Stansfeld, Phillip J.; Gedeck, Peter; Gosling, Martin Proteins: Structure, Function, and Bioinformatics, Vol. 68, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/prot.21400	journal	April 2007
Voltage-Dependent Inactivation Gating at the Selectivity Filter of the MthK K+ channel Thomson, Andrew S.; Rothberg, Brad S. Biophysical Journal, Vol. 100, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2010.12.3364	journal	February 2011
Exploring Structural Dynamics of a Membrane Protein by Combining Bioorthogonal Chemistry and Cysteine Mutagenesis Gupta, Kanchan; Toombes, Gilman E. S.; Swartz, Kenton J. Biophysical Journal, Vol. 118, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2019.11.1036	journal	February 2020
A glimpse into the C-type-inactivated state for a Potassium Channel Valiyaveetil, Francis I. Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, Vol. 24, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1038/nsmb.3480	journal	October 2017
Regional Specificity of Human ether-a'-go-go-related Gene Channel Activation and Inactivation Gating Piper, David R.; Hinz, William A.; Tallurri, Chandra K. Journal of Biological Chemistry, Vol. 280, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m411042200	journal	February 2005
A gating charge interaction required for late slow inactivation of the bacterial sodium channel NavAb Gamal El-Din, Tamer M.; Martinez, Gilbert Q.; Payandeh, Jian Journal of General Physiology, Vol. 142, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1085/jgp.201311012	journal	August 2013
Modulation of homomeric and heteromeric kcnq1 channels by external acidification Peretz, Asher; Schottelndreier, Hella; Aharon‐Shamgar, Liora Ben The Journal of Physiology, Vol. 545, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2002.028381	journal	December 2002
Separation of P/C- and U-type inactivation pathways in Kv1.5 potassium channels: Multiple inactivation pathways in Kv1.5 Kurata, Harley T.; Doerksen, Kyle W.; Eldstrom, Jodene R. The Journal of Physiology, Vol. 568, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2005.087148	journal	September 2005
Mechanisms of closed-state inactivation in voltage-gated ion channels: Inactivation in voltage-gated ion channels Bähring, Robert; Covarrubias, Manuel The Journal of Physiology, Vol. 589, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2010.191965	journal	January 2011
Shab K ⁺ channel slow inactivation: A test for U-type inactivation and a hypothesis regarding K ⁺ -facilitated inactivation mechanisms Carrillo, Elisa; Arias-Olguín, Imilla I.; Islas, León D. Channels, Vol. 7, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.4161/chan.23569	journal	March 2013
Exploring structural dynamics of a membrane protein by combining bioorthogonal chemistry and cysteine mutagenesis Gupta, Kanchan; Toombes, Gilman ES; Swartz, Kenton J. eLife, Vol. 8 https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.50776	journal	November 2019

Similar Records

Coupling sensor to enzyme in the voltage sensing phosphatase

Journal Article · Mon Jul 29 20:00:00 EDT 2024 · Nature Communications · OSTI ID:2470965

Structural basis for severe pain caused by mutations in the S4-S5 linkers of voltage-gated sodium channel Na_V1.7

Journal Article · Wed Mar 29 20:00:00 EDT 2023 · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · OSTI ID:2423635

Mechanism of Cd[superscript 2+] Coordination during Slow Inactivation in Potassium Channels

Journal Article · Tue Oct 09 00:00:00 EDT 2012 · Structure · OSTI ID:1048957

Related Subjects

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
Shaker
fluorescence
gating
physiology
rearrangement
voltage