Observations and Projections of Heat Waves in South America

Feron, S.; Cordero, R. R.; Damiani, A.; Llanillo, P. J.; Jorquera, J.; Sepulveda, E.; Asencio, V.; Laroze, D.; Labbe, F.; Carrasco, J.; Torres, G.

doi:10.1038/s41598-019-44614-4

Observations and Projections of Heat Waves in South America

Journal Article · Mon Jun 03 00:00:00 EDT 2019 · Scientific Reports

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-44614-4· OSTI ID:1624472

Feron, S. ^[1]; Cordero, R. R. ^[2]; Damiani, A. ^[3]; Llanillo, P. J. ^[2]; Jorquera, J. ^[2]; Sepulveda, E. ^[2]; Asencio, V. ^[2]; ^[4]; Labbe, F. ^[5]; Carrasco, J. ^[6]; Torres, G. ^[7]

Universidad de Santiago de Chile, (Chile); Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Dept. of Earth System Science; DOE/OSTI
Universidad de Santiago de Chile, (Chile)
Universidad de Santiago de Chile, (Chile); Chiba Univ. (Japan). Center for Environmental Remote Sensing
Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica (Chile)
Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso (Chile)
Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas (Chile)
Direccion Meteorologica de Chile, Santiago (Chile)

Although Heat Waves (HWs) are expected to increase due to global warming, they are a regional phenomenon that demands for local analyses. In this paper, we assess four HW metrics (HW duration, HW frequency, HW amplitude, and number of HWs per season) as well as the share of extremely warm days (TX95, according to the 95th percentile) in South America (SA). Our analysis included observations as well as simulations from global and regional models. In particular, Regional Climate Models (RCMs) from the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX), and Global Climate Models (GCMs) from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) were used to project both TX95 estimates and HW metrics according to two representative concentration pathways (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). We found that in recent decades the share of extremely warm days has at least doubled over the period December–January–February (DJF) in northern SA; less significant increases have been observed in southern SA. We also found that by midcentury, under the RCP4.5 scenario, extremely warm DJF days (as well as the number of HWs per season) are expected to increase by 5–10 times at locations close to the Equator and in the Atacama Desert. Increases are expected to be less pronounced in southern SA. Projections under the RCP8.5 scenario are more striking, particularly in tropical areas where half or more of the days could be extremely warm by midcentury.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Stanford Univ., CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0010687

OSTI ID:: 1624472

Journal Information:: Scientific Reports, Journal Name: Scientific Reports Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 9; ISSN 2045-2322

Publisher:: Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (88)

Future changes in daily summer temperature variability: driving processes and role for temperature extremes Fischer, Erich M.; Schär, Christoph Climate Dynamics, Vol. 33, Issue 7-8 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-008-0473-8	journal	October 2008
Climate change projections using the IPSL-CM5 Earth System Model: from CMIP3 to CMIP5 Dufresne, J. -L.; Foujols, M. -A.; Denvil, S. Climate Dynamics, Vol. 40, Issue 9-10 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-012-1636-1	journal	February 2013
The diurnal temperature range in the CMIP5 models Lindvall, Jenny; Svensson, Gunilla Climate Dynamics, Vol. 44, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-014-2144-2	journal	April 2014
The contribution of internal and model variabilities to the uncertainty in CMIP5 decadal climate predictions Strobach, Ehud; Bel, Golan Climate Dynamics, Vol. 49, Issue 9-10 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-016-3507-7	journal	March 2017
The impact of the summer 2003 heat wave in Iberia: how should we measure it? Díaz, J.; García-Herrera, R.; Trigo, R. M. International Journal of Biometeorology, Vol. 50, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-005-0005-8	journal	October 2005
Thermal comfort conditions at microclimate scale and surface urban heat island in a tropical city: A study on João Pessoa city, Brazil de Souza e. Silva, Regiane; da Silva, Richarde Marques; de Freitas, Anne Falcão International Journal of Biometeorology, Vol. 66, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-022-02260-y	journal	April 2022
Long-term variability of heat waves in Argentina and recurrence probability of the severe 2008 heat wave in Buenos Aires Rusticucci, Matilde; Kyselý, Jan; Almeira, Gustavo Theoretical and Applied Climatology, Vol. 124, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-015-1445-7	journal	April 2015
Observational and model evidence of global emergence of permanent, unprecedented heat in the 20th and 21st centuries: A letter Diffenbaugh, Noah S.; Scherer, Martin Climatic Change, Vol. 107, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-011-0112-y	journal	June 2011
Rising heat wave trends in large US cities Habeeb, Dana; Vargo, Jason; Stone, Brian Natural Hazards, Vol. 76, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-014-1563-z	journal	January 2015
Projected Heat Wave Characteristics over the Korean Peninsula During the Twenty-First Century Shin, Jongsoo; Olson, Roman; An, Soon-Il Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 54, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13143-017-0059-7	journal	February 2018
A Review of Recent Advances in Research on Extreme Heat Events Horton, Radley M.; Mankin, Justin S.; Lesk, Corey Current Climate Change Reports, Vol. 2, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40641-016-0042-x	journal	August 2016
Impacts of a Changing Climate on Economic Damages and Insurance Franzke, Christian L. E. Economics of Disasters and Climate Change, Vol. 1, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s41885-017-0004-3	journal	May 2017
Climate change and environmental injustice in a bi-national context Grineski, Sara E.; Collins, Timothy W.; Ford, Paula Applied Geography, Vol. 33 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2011.05.013	journal	April 2012
A review on the scientific understanding of heatwaves—Their measurement, driving mechanisms, and changes at the global scale Perkins, Sarah E. Atmospheric Research, Vol. 164-165 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2015.05.014	journal	October 2015
Ambient temperature and added heat wave effects on hospitalizations in California from 1999 to 2009 Sherbakov, Toki; Malig, Brian; Guirguis, Kristen Environmental Research, Vol. 160 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2017.08.052	journal	January 2018
Changes in heat waves in Chile Piticar, Adrian Global and Planetary Change, Vol. 169 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2018.08.007	journal	October 2018
Subnational Climate Justice? Adaptation Finance Distribution and Climate Vulnerability Barrett, Sam World Development, Vol. 58 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2014.01.014	journal	June 2014
The role of increasing temperature variability in European summer heatwaves Schär, Christoph; Vidale, Pier Luigi; Lüthi, Daniel Nature, Vol. 427, Issue 6972 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02300	journal	January 2004
A decade of weather extremes Coumou, Dim; Rahmstorf, Stefan Nature Climate Change, Vol. 2, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1452	journal	March 2012
Global risk of deadly heat Mora, Camilo; Dousset, Bénédicte; Caldwell, Iain R. Nature Climate Change, Vol. 7, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate3322	journal	June 2017
Early emergence of anthropogenically forced heat waves in the western United States and Great Lakes Lopez, Hosmay; West, Robert; Dong, Shenfu Nature Climate Change, Vol. 8, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-018-0116-y	journal	March 2018
Record-breaking climate extremes in Africa under stabilized 1.5 °C and 2 °C global warming scenarios Nangombe, Shingirai; Zhou, Tianjun; Zhang, Wenxia Nature Climate Change, Vol. 8, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-018-0145-6	journal	April 2018
Higher CO2 concentrations increase extreme event risk in a 1.5 °C world Baker, Hugh S.; Millar, Richard J.; Karoly, David J. Nature Climate Change, Vol. 8, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-018-0190-1	journal	June 2018
Extreme heat-related mortality avoided under Paris Agreement goals Mitchell, Daniel; Heaviside, Clare; Schaller, Nathalie Nature Climate Change, Vol. 8, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-018-0210-1	journal	June 2018
Changes in regional heatwave characteristics as a function of increasing global temperature Perkins-Kirkpatrick, S. E.; Gibson, P. B. Scientific Reports, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-12520-2	journal	September 2017
An Inter-comparison of Three Heat Wave Types in China during 1961–2010: Observed Basic Features and Linear Trends Chen, Yang; Li, Yi Scientific Reports, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/srep45619	journal	March 2017
Computation of extreme heat waves in climate models using a large deviation algorithm Ragone, Francesco; Wouters, Jeroen; Bouchet, Freddy Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 115, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1712645115	journal	December 2017
Striking stationarity of large-scale climate model bias patterns under strong climate change Krinner, Gerhard; Flanner, Mark G. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 115, Issue 38 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1807912115	journal	September 2018
An evaluation of void‐filling interpolation methods for SRTM data Reuter, H. I.; Nelson, A.; Jarvis, A. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, Vol. 21, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1080/13658810601169899	journal	October 2007
Future heat-waves, droughts and floods in 571 European cities Guerreiro, Selma B.; Dawson, Richard J.; Kilsby, Chris Environmental Research Letters, Vol. 13, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aaaad3	journal	February 2018
Extreme heat waves under 1.5 °C and 2 °C global warming Dosio, Alessandro; Mentaschi, Lorenzo; Fischer, Erich M. Environmental Research Letters, Vol. 13, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aab827	journal	April 2018
Deadly heat waves projected in the densely populated agricultural regions of South Asia Im, Eun-Soon; Pal, Jeremy S.; Eltahir, Elfatih A. B. Science Advances, Vol. 3, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1603322	journal	August 2017
Projections of Heat Waves Events in the Intra-Americas Region Using Multimodel Ensemble Angeles-Malaspina, Moises; González-Cruz, Jorge E.; Ramírez-Beltran, Nazario Advances in Meteorology, Vol. 2018 https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/7827984	journal	January 2018
Bias patterns and climate change signals in GCM-RCM model chains Sørland, Silje L.; Schär, Christoph; Lüthi, Daniel ETH Zurich https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000277267	text	January 2018
DNest4: Diffusive Nested Sampling in C++ and Python Brewer, Brendon J.; Foreman-Mackey, Daniel arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1606.03757	preprint	January 2016
The Norwegian Earth System Model, NorESM1-M – Part 1: Description and basic evaluation of the physical climate Bentsen, M.; Bethke, I.; Debernard, J. B. Geoscientific Model Development, Vol. 6, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-6-687-2013	journal	January 2013
Magnitude and frequency of heat and cold waves in recent decades: the case of South America Ceccherini, Guido; Russo, Simone; Ameztoy, Iban Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, Vol. 16, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-821-2016	journal	January 2016
Climate change projections for CORDEX-Africa with COSMO-CLM regional climate model and differences with the driving global climate models Dosio, A.; Panitz, H. -J. Karlsruhe https://doi.org/10.5445/ir/1000053236	text	January 2016
Temperature and humidity based projections of a rapid rise in global heat stress exposure during the 21st century Coffel, Ethan; Horton, Radley M.; De Sherbinin, Alexander M. Columbia University https://doi.org/10.7916/d8sf4759	text	January 2017
Magnitude of extreme heat waves in present climate and their projection in a warming world Russo, Simone; Dosio, Alessandro; Graversen, Rune G. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 119, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JD022098	journal	November 2014
Spread of model climate sensitivity linked to double‐Intertropical Convergence Zone bias Tian, Baijun Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 42, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL064119	journal	May 2015
Double ITCZ in Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Models: From CMIP3 to CMIP5: DOUBLE ITCZ IN CMIP3 AND CMIP5 AOGCMS Zhang, Xiaoxiao; Liu, Hailong; Zhang, Minghua Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 42, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL065973	journal	October 2015
Impact of increasing heat waves on U.S. ozone episodes in the 2050s: Results from a multimodel analysis using extreme value theory: Predict Future Ozone Episodes Shen, L.; Mickley, L. J.; Gilleland, E. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 43, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL068432	journal	April 2016
Seasonal mean temperature changes control future heat waves: MEAN TEMPERATURE AND HEAT WAVE CHANGES Argüeso, Daniel; Di Luca, Alejandro; Perkins-Kirkpatrick, Sarah E. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 43, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL069408	journal	July 2016
Comparing Australian heat waves in the CMIP5 models through cluster analysis: Australian Heat Waves in CMIP5 Gibson, Peter B.; Perkins-Kirkpatrick, Sarah E.; Alexander, Lisa V. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 122, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JD025878	journal	March 2017
Climate and carbon cycle changes from 1850 to 2100 in MPI-ESM simulations for the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5: Climate Changes in MPI-ESM Giorgetta, Marco A.; Jungclaus, Johann; Reick, Christian H. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, Vol. 5, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1002/jame.20038	journal	July 2013
Climatic and synoptic characterization of heat waves in Brazil: CHARACTERIZATION OF HEAT WAVES IN BRAZIL Geirinhas, João L.; Trigo, Ricardo M.; Libonati, Renata International Journal of Climatology, Vol. 38, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.5294	journal	September 2017
The ERA-Interim reanalysis: configuration and performance of the data assimilation system Dee, D. P.; Uppala, S. M.; Simmons, A. J. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, Vol. 137, Issue 656 https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.828	journal	April 2011
Downscaling of South America present climate driven by 4-member HadCM3 runs Chou, Sin Chan; Marengo, José A.; Lyra, André A. Climate Dynamics, Vol. 38, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-011-1002-8	journal	February 2011
EC-Earth V2.2: description and validation of a new seamless earth system prediction model Hazeleger, W.; Wang, X.; Severijns, C. Climate Dynamics, Vol. 39, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-011-1228-5	journal	December 2011
Arctic climate change in 21st century CMIP5 simulations with EC-Earth Koenigk, Torben; Brodeau, Laurent; Graversen, Rune Grand Climate Dynamics, Vol. 40, Issue 11-12 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-012-1505-y	journal	September 2012
Performance of a multi-RCM ensemble for South Eastern South America Carril, A. F.; Menéndez, C. G.; Remedio, A. R. C. Climate Dynamics, Vol. 39, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-012-1573-z	journal	October 2012
Non-stationary return levels of CMIP5 multi-model temperature extremes Cheng, Linyin; Phillips, Thomas J.; AghaKouchak, Amir Climate Dynamics, Vol. 44, Issue 11-12 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-015-2625-y	journal	May 2015
Climate change projections for CORDEX-Africa with COSMO-CLM regional climate model and differences with the driving global climate models Dosio, Alessandro; Panitz, Hans-Jürgen Climate Dynamics, Vol. 46, Issue 5-6 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-015-2664-4	journal	June 2015
A new two-stage multivariate quantile mapping method for bias correcting climate model outputs Guo, Qiang; Chen, Jie; Zhang, Xunchang Climate Dynamics, Vol. 53, Issue 5-6 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-019-04729-w	journal	March 2019
Climate change scenarios of heat waves in Central Europe and their uncertainties Lhotka, Ondřej; Kyselý, Jan; Farda, Aleš Theoretical and Applied Climatology, Vol. 131, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-016-2031-3	journal	January 2017
Changes in heat wave characteristics over Extremadura (SW Spain) Acero, Francisco Javier; Fernández-Fernández, María Isabel; Carrasco, Víctor Manuel Sánchez Theoretical and Applied Climatology, Vol. 133, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-017-2210-x	journal	July 2017
Observed and simulated variability of extreme temperature events over South America Rusticucci, Matilde Atmospheric Research, Vol. 106 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2011.11.001	journal	March 2012
Warming and wetting signals emerging from analysis of changes in climate extreme indices over South America Skansi, María de los Milagros; Brunet, Manola; Sigró, Javier Global and Planetary Change, Vol. 100 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2012.11.004	journal	January 2013
Australian climate extremes in the 21st century according to a regional climate model ensemble: Implications for health and agriculture Herold, N.; Ekström, M.; Kala, J. Weather and Climate Extremes, Vol. 20 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wace.2018.01.001	journal	June 2018
Tuning the climate of a global model: TUNING THE CLIMATE OF A GLOBAL MODEL Mauritsen, Thorsten; Stevens, Bjorn; Roeckner, Erich Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, Vol. 4, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1029/2012MS000154	journal	March 2012
Evaluating the Contribution of Land-Atmosphere Coupling to Heat Extremes in CMIP5 Models Ukkola, A. M.; Pitman, A. J.; Donat, M. G. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 45, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL079102	journal	September 2018
Consistent geographical patterns of changes in high-impact European heatwaves Fischer, E. M.; Schär, C. Nature Geoscience, Vol. 3, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo866	journal	May 2010
Reduced heat exposure by limiting global warming to 1.5 °C King, Andrew D.; Donat, Markus G.; Lewis, Sophie C. Nature Climate Change, Vol. 8, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-018-0191-0	journal	June 2018
Marine heatwaves under global warming Frölicher, Thomas L.; Fischer, Erich M.; Gruber, Nicolas Nature, Vol. 560, Issue 7718 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0383-9	journal	August 2018
Historic and future increase in the global land area affected by monthly heat extremes Coumou, Dim; Robinson, Alexander Environmental Research Letters, Vol. 8, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/8/3/034018	journal	August 2013
Future summer mega-heatwave and record-breaking temperatures in a warmer France climate Bador, Margot; Terray, Laurent; Boé, Julien Environmental Research Letters, Vol. 12, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aa751c	journal	July 2017
Temperature and humidity based projections of a rapid rise in global heat stress exposure during the 21st century Coffel, Ethan D.; Horton, Radley M.; de Sherbinin, Alex Environmental Research Letters, Vol. 13, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aaa00e	journal	December 2017
Bias patterns and climate change signals in GCM-RCM model chains Sørland, Silje Lund; Schär, Christoph; Lüthi, Daniel Environmental Research Letters, Vol. 13, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aacc77	journal	July 2018
Matplotlib: A 2D Graphics Environment Hunter, John D. Computing in Science & Engineering, Vol. 9, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1109/MCSE.2007.55	journal	January 2007
Temperature Variability over South America Collins, Jennifer M.; Chaves, Rosane Rodrigues; da Silva Marques, Valdo Journal of Climate, Vol. 22, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1175/2009JCLI2551.1	journal	November 2009
Challenges in Combining Projections from Multiple Climate Models Knutti, Reto; Furrer, Reinhard; Tebaldi, Claudia Journal of Climate, Vol. 23, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1175/2009JCLI3361.1	journal	May 2010
Improved Climate Simulation by MIROC5: Mean States, Variability, and Climate Sensitivity Watanabe, Masahiro; Suzuki, Tatsuo; O’ishi, Ryouta Journal of Climate, Vol. 23, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1175/2010JCLI3679.1	journal	December 2010
The Integrated Surface Database: Recent Developments and Partnerships Smith, Adam; Lott, Neal; Vose, Russ Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, Vol. 92, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1175/2011BAMS3015.1	journal	June 2011
NCEP–DOE AMIP-II Reanalysis (R-2) Kanamitsu, Masao; Ebisuzaki, Wesley; Woollen, Jack Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, Vol. 83, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-83-11-1631	journal	November 2002
GFDL’s ESM2 Global Coupled Climate–Carbon Earth System Models. Part I: Physical Formulation and Baseline Simulation Characteristics Dunne, John P.; John, Jasmin G.; Adcroft, Alistair J. Journal of Climate, Vol. 25, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00560.1	journal	October 2012
Ocean Heat Transport and Its Projected Change in CanESM2 Yang, Duo; Saenko, Oleg A. Journal of Climate, Vol. 25, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00715.1	journal	December 2012
On the Measurement of Heat Waves Perkins, S. E.; Alexander, L. V. Journal of Climate, Vol. 26, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00383.1	journal	July 2013
Tropical Biases in CMIP5 Multimodel Ensemble: The Excessive Equatorial Pacific Cold Tongue and Double ITCZ Problems Li, Gen; Xie, Shang-Ping Journal of Climate, Vol. 27, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00337.1	journal	February 2014
More Frequent, Longer, and Hotter Heat Waves for Australia in the Twenty-First Century Cowan, Tim; Purich, Ariaan; Perkins, Sarah Journal of Climate, Vol. 27, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00092.1	journal	August 2014
Heat Waves in Southern China: Synoptic Behavior, Long-Term Change, and Urbanization Effects Luo, Ming; Lau, Ngar-Cheung Journal of Climate, Vol. 30, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0269.1	journal	January 2017
NCEP–DOE AMIP-II Reanalysis (R-2) Kanamitsu, Masao; Ebisuzaki, Wesley; Woollen, Jack Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, Vol. 83, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-83-11-1631(2002)083<1631:nar>2.3.co;2	journal	November 2002
Change in extreme temperature event frequency over mainland China, 1961−2008 Zhou, Y.; Ren, G. Climate Research, Vol. 50, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3354/cr01053	journal	December 2011
Rural Electrification Efforts Based on Off-Grid Photovoltaic Systems in the Andean Region: Comparative Assessment of Their Sustainability Feron, Sarah; Cordero, Raúl; Labbe, Fernando Sustainability, Vol. 9, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.3390/su9101825	journal	October 2017
Challenges in combining projections from multiple climate models Cermak, J.; Furrer, R.; Knutti, R. AMS, Boston MA https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-35822	text	January 2010
Aerosol- and greenhouse gas-induced changes in summer rainfall and circulation in the Australasian region: a study using single-forcing climate simulations Rotstayn, L. D.; Jeffrey, S. J.; Collier, M. A. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 12, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-6377-2012	journal	January 2012
Magnitude and frequency of heat and cold waves in recent decades: the case of South America Ceccherini, G.; Russo, S.; Ameztoy, I. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions, Vol. 3, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-3-7379-2015	journal	January 2015
Marine heatwaves under global warming Frölicher, Thomas L.; Fischer, Erich M.; Gruber, Nicolas Macmillan Journals Ltd. https://doi.org/10.7892/boris.122785	text	January 2018

Cited By (1)

Contrasting regional and global climate simulations over South Asia Rana, Arun; Nikulin, Grigory; Kjellström, Erik Climate Dynamics, Vol. 54, Issue 5-6 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-020-05146-0	journal	January 2020

Similar Records

Climate hazard indices projections based on CORDEX-CORE, CMIP5 and CMIP6 ensemble

Journal Article · Mon Mar 01 19:00:00 EST 2021 · Climate Dynamics · OSTI ID:1817604

National Climate Database (NCDB)

Dataset · Mon Sep 30 00:00:00 EDT 2024 · OSTI ID:2460455

The CORDEX-CORE EXP-I Initiative: Description and Highlight Results from the Initial Analysis

Journal Article · Mon Jan 31 19:00:00 EST 2022 · Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society · OSTI ID:1884008

Related Subjects

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Science & Technology - Other Topics

Observations and Projections of Heat Waves in South America

Citation Formats

References (88)

Cited By (1)

Similar Records

Related Subjects