Exploring the Magnetoelectric Coupling at the Composite Interfaces of FE/FM/FE Heterostructures

Pradhan, Dhiren K.; Kumari, Shalini; Vasudevan, Rama K.; Strelcov, Evgheni; Puli, Venkata S.; Pradhan, Dillip K.; Kumar, Ashok; Gregg, J. Marty; Pradhan, A. K.; Kalinin, Sergei V.; Katiyar, Ram S.

doi:10.1038/s41598-018-35648-1

Exploring the Magnetoelectric Coupling at the Composite Interfaces of FE/FM/FE Heterostructures

Journal Article · Mon Nov 26 04:00:00 EST 2018 · Scientific Reports

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-35648-1· OSTI ID:1624438

Pradhan, Dhiren K. ^[1]; Kumari, Shalini ^[2]; Vasudevan, Rama K. ^[3]; Strelcov, Evgheni ^[4]; Puli, Venkata S. ^[5]; Pradhan, Dillip K. ^[6]; Kumar, Ashok ^[7]; ^[8]; Pradhan, A. K. ^[9]; Kalinin, Sergei V. ^[3]; Katiyar, Ram S. ^[10]

Univ. of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR (United States). Inst. of Functional Nanomaterials. Dept. of Physics; Carnegie Inst. of Science, Washington, DC (United States). Geophysical Lab. Extreme Materials Initiative; DOE/OSTI
Univ. of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR (United States). Inst. of Functional Nanomaterials. Dept. of Physics; West Virginia Univ., Morgantown, WV (United States). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (CNMS); Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Inst. for Functional Imaging of Materials
Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States). Inst. for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics
Smart Nanomaterials Solutions, Orlando, FL (United States)
National Inst. of Technology, Rourkela (India). Dept. of Physics & Astronomy
National Physical Lab. (CSIR), New Delhi (India)
Queen's Univ., Belfast, Northern Ireland (United Kingdom). School of Maths and Physics. Centre for Nanostructured Media
Norfolk State Univ., Norfolk, VA (United States). Center for Materials Research
Univ. of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR (United States). Inst. of Functional Nanomaterials. Dept. of Physics

Multiferroic materials have attracted considerable attention as possible candidates for a wide variety of future microelectronic and memory devices, although robust magnetoelectric (ME) coupling between electric and magnetic orders at room temperature still remains difficult to achieve. In order to obtain robust ME coupling at room temperature, we studied the Pb(Fe0.5Nb0.5)O3/Ni0.65Zn0.35Fe2O4/ Pb(Fe0.5Nb0.5)O3 (PFN/NZFO/PFN) trilayer structure as a representative FE/FM/FE system. We report the ferroelectric, magnetic and ME properties of PFN/NZFO/PFN trilayer nanoscale heterostructure having dimensions 70/20/70nm, at room temperature. The presence of only (00l) refection of PFN and NZFO in the X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and electron diffraction patterns in Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) confirm the epitaxial growth of multilayer heterostructure. The distribution of the ferroelectric loop area in a wide area has been studied, suggesting that spatial variability of ferroelectric switching behavior is low, and film growth is of high quality. The ferroelectric and magnetic phase transitions of these heterostructures have been found at ~575K and ~650K, respectively which are well above room temperature. These nanostructures exhibit low loss tangent, large saturation polarization (Ps ~ 38µC/cm2) and magnetization (Ms ~ 48emu/cm3) with strong ME coupling at room temperature revealing them as potential candidates for nanoscale multifunctional and spintronics device applications.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 1624438

Journal Information:: Scientific Reports, Journal Name: Scientific Reports Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 8; ISSN 2045-2322

Publisher:: Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (67)

Magnetoelectric Coupling Effects in Multiferroic Complex Oxide Composite Structures Vaz, Carlos A. F.; Hoffman, Jason; Ahn, Charles H. Advanced Materials, Vol. 22, Issue 26-27 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200904326	journal	April 2010
Recent Progress in Multiferroic Magnetoelectric Composites: from Bulk to Thin Films Ma, Jing; Hu, Jiamian; Li, Zheng Advanced Materials, Vol. 23, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201003636	journal	February 2011
Magnetostriction of Ni-Zn and Co-Zn ferrites Murthy, S. R.; Rao, T. S. physica status solidi (a), Vol. 90, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/pssa.2210900226	journal	August 1985
Magnetostrictive properties of Cox(NiZn)1−xFe2O4ferrites in the case of small changes of iron content Kulikowski, J.; Bieńkowski, A. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Vol. 41, Issue 1-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-8853(84)90137-9	journal	February 1984
Why Are There so Few Magnetic Ferroelectrics? Hill, Nicola A. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 104, Issue 29 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp000114x	journal	July 2000
Multiferroic and Magnetoelectric Oxides: The Emerging Scenario Rao, C. N. R.; Sundaresan, A.; Saha, Rana The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, Vol. 3, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1021/jz300688b	journal	August 2012
Sol−Gel-Derived Epitaxial Nanocomposite Thin Films with Large Sharp Magnetoelectric Effect Liu, Bin; Sun, Tao; He, Jiaqing ACS Nano, Vol. 4, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1021/nn101952q	journal	October 2010
Electric-field control of ferromagnetism Ohno, H.; Chiba, D.; Matsukura, F. Nature, Vol. 408, Issue 6815 https://doi.org/10.1038/35050040	journal	December 2000
Reconstructing phase diagrams from local measurements via Gaussian processes: mapping the temperature-composition space to confidence Pradhan, Dhiren K.; Kumari, Shalini; Strelcov, Evgheni npj Computational Materials, Vol. 4, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41524-018-0078-7	journal	April 2018
Giant voltage amplification from electrostatically induced incipient ferroelectric states Graf, Mónica; Aramberri, Hugo; Zubko, Pavlo Nature Materials, Vol. 21, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-022-01332-z	journal	August 2022
Large magnetoelectric coupling in magnetically short-range ordered Bi5Ti3FeO15 film Zhao, Hongyang; Kimura, Hideo; Cheng, Zhenxiang Scientific Reports, Vol. 4, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/srep05255	journal	June 2014
Strong magnetic enhancement in self-assembled multiferroic-ferrimagnetic nanostructures Chen, Ying-Jiun; Hsieh, Ying-Hui; Liao, Sheng-Chieh Nanoscale, Vol. 5, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1039/c3nr00104k	journal	January 2013
Dielectric and magnetic properties of sol-gel-derived lead iron niobate ceramics Majumder, S. B.; Bhattacharyya, S.; Katiyar, R. S. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 99, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2158131	journal	January 2006
Multiferroic epitaxial Pb(Fe1∕2Nb1∕2)O3 thin films: A relaxor ferroelectric/weak ferromagnet with a variable structure Yan, Li; Li, Jiefang; Suchicital, Carlos Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 89, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2357926	journal	September 2006
Magnetoelectric coupling of [00l]-oriented Pb(Zr0.4Ti0.6)O3–Ni0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4 multilayered thin films Ryu, Sangwoo; Park, Jung H.; Jang, Hyun M. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 91, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2798054	journal	October 2007
Magnetoelectric coupling in BaTiO3/(NiFe2O4/BaTiO3)n (n=1,2,3,4) multilayered thin films Liu, Jing; Zhang, Yi; Lin, Yuanhua Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 105, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3110741	journal	April 2009
Magnetic and dielectric properties of the spinel ferrite system Ni _0.65 Zn _0.35 Fe ₂ ₋ _x Mn _x O ₄ Dionne, Gerald F.; West, Russell G. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 61, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.338623	journal	April 1987
Microstructural analysis of interfaces in a ferromagnetic-multiferroic epitaxial heterostructure Rama Krishnan, P. S. Sankara; Arredondo, Miryam; Saunders, Martin Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 109, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3531992	journal	February 2011
Magnetoelectric coupling of laminated composites under combined thermal and magnetic loadings Fang, F.; Xu, Y. T.; Yang, W. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 111, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3677945	journal	January 2012
Observation of direct and indirect magnetoelectricity in lead free ferroelectric (Na _0.5 Bi _0.5 TiO ₃ )–magnetostrictive (CoFe ₂ O ₄ ) particulate composite Srinivas, A.; Krishnaiah, R. V.; Karthik, T. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 101, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4745840	journal	August 2012
Investigations on electrical and magnetic properties of multiferroic [(1− x )Pb(Fe _0.5 Nb _0.5 )O ₃ − x Ni _0.65 Zn _0.35 Fe ₂ O ₄ ] composites Pradhan, Dhiren K.; Barik, Sujit K.; Sahoo, Satyaprakash Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 113, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4799414	journal	April 2013
Room temperature multiferroic properties of Pb(Fe _0.5 Nb _0.5 )O ₃ –Co _0.65 Zn _0.35 Fe ₂ O ₄ composites Pradhan, Dhiren K.; Puli, Venkata S.; Narayan Tripathy, Satya Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 114, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4847595	journal	December 2013
Dielectric anomalies due to grain boundary conduction in chemically substituted BiFeO ₃ Kumari, Shalini; Ortega, N.; Kumar, A. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 117, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4915110	journal	March 2015
Giant magnetoelectric coupling interaction in BaTiO ₃ /BiFeO ₃ /BaTiO ₃ trilayer multiferroic heterostructures Kotnala, R. K.; Gupta, Rekha; Chaudhary, Sujeet Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 107, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4929729	journal	August 2015
Effect of thickness on dielectric, ferroelectric, and optical properties of Ni substituted Pb(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3 thin films Kumari, Shalini; Ortega, Nora; Pradhan, Dhiren K. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 118, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4935481	journal	November 2015
Studies on dielectric, optical, magnetic, magnetic domain structure, and resistance switching characteristics of highly c-axis oriented NZFO thin films Pradhan, Dhiren K.; Kumari, Shalini; Li, Linglong Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 122, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4994312	journal	July 2017
Critical exponents of the dielectric constants in diffused-phase-transition crystals Uchino, Kenji; Nomura, Shoichiro Ferroelectrics, Vol. 44, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1080/00150198208260644	journal	April 1982
Modification of ferroelectricity in heteroepitaxial (Ba, Sr)TiO ₃ films for non-volatile memory applications Abe, Kazuhide; Yanase, Naoko; Sano, Kenya Integrated Ferroelectrics, Vol. 21, Issue 1-4 https://doi.org/10.1080/10584589808202063	journal	September 1998
Critical phase transition temperatures of 1–3 type multiferroic composite thin films Lu, XiaoYan; Wang, Biao; Zheng, Yue Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 40, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/40/6/004	journal	March 2007
The band excitation method in scanning probe microscopy for rapid mapping of energy dissipation on the nanoscale Jesse, Stephen; Kalinin, Sergei V.; Proksch, Roger Nanotechnology, Vol. 18, Issue 43 https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/18/43/435503	journal	September 2007
Functional Ion Defects in Transition Metal Oxides Kalinin, S. V.; Spaldin, N. A. Science, Vol. 341, Issue 6148 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1243098	journal	August 2013
Band Excitation in Scanning Probe Microscopy: Recognition and Functional Imaging Jesse, S.; Vasudevan, R. K.; Collins, L. Annual Review of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 65, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-physchem-040513-103609	journal	April 2014
Elastic strain engineering of ferroic oxides Schlom, Darrell G.; Chen, Long-Qing; Fennie, Craig J. MRS Bulletin, Vol. 39, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1557/mrs.2014.1	journal	February 2014
Evidence for monoclinic crystal structure and negative thermal expansion below magnetic transition temperature in Pb(Fe_1/2Nb_1/2)O_3 Singh, Satendra Pal; Pandey, Dhananjai; Yoon, Songhak arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.0706.0647	preprint	January 2007
Giant direct magnetoelectric effect in strained multiferroic heterostructures Janolin, Pierre-Eymeric; Pertsev, Nikolay A.; Sichuga, David arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1203.5926	text	January 2012
Giant sharp magnetoelectric switching in multiferroic epitaxial La_{0.67}Sr_{0.33}MnO_3 on BaTiO_3 Eerenstein, W.; Wiora, M.; Prieto, J. L. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.cond-mat/0609209	text	January 2006
Introduction to Magnetic Materials Cullity, B. D.; Graham, C. D. addison wesley publications https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470386323	book	January 2008
Revival of the Magnetoelectric Effect Fiebig, Manfred ChemInform, Vol. 36, Issue 33 https://doi.org/10.1002/chin.200533283	journal	August 2005
Multiferroic and Magnetoelectric Materials Eerenstein, W.; Mathur, N. D.; Scott, J. F. ChemInform, Vol. 37, Issue 44 https://doi.org/10.1002/chin.200644216	journal	October 2006
Magnetoelectric dipole interaction in RF-magnetron sputtered (1−x) BiFeO3–xBaTiO3 thin films Gupta, Rekha; Shah, Jyoti; Chaudhary, Sujeet Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol. 638 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.02.193	journal	July 2015
Studies of Phase Transitions and Magnetoelectric Coupling in PFN-CZFO Multiferroic Composites Pradhan, Dhiren K.; Puli, Venkata S.; Kumari, Shalini The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 120, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b10422	journal	January 2016
Differentiating Ferroelectric and Nonferroelectric Electromechanical Effects with Scanning Probe Microscopy Balke, Nina; Maksymovych, Petro; Jesse, Stephen ACS Nano, Vol. 9, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5b02227	journal	May 2015
Magnetoelectric Coupling in Well-Ordered Epitaxial BiFeO ₃ /CoFe ₂ O ₄ /SrRuO ₃ Heterostructured Nanodot Array Tian, Guo; Zhang, Fengyuan; Yao, Junxiang ACS Nano, Vol. 10, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5b06339	journal	December 2015
Interfacial Charge Induced Magnetoelectric Coupling at BiFeO ₃ /BaTiO ₃ Bilayer Interface Gupta, Rekha; Chaudhary, Sujeet; Kotnala, R. K. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 7, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1021/am509055f	journal	April 2015
Epitaxial Bi ₅ Ti ₃ FeO ₁₅ –CoFe ₂ O ₄ Pillar–Matrix Multiferroic Nanostructures Imai, Akira; Cheng, Xuan; Xin, Huolin L. ACS Nano, Vol. 7, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1021/nn404779x	journal	November 2013
Multiferroic magnetoelectric composite nanostructures Wang, Yao; Hu, Jiamian; Lin, Yuanhua NPG Asia Materials, Vol. 2, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1038/asiamat.2010.32	journal	April 2010
Room-temperature ferroelectricity in strained SrTiO₃ Haeni, J. H.; Irvin, P.; Chang, W. Nature, Vol. 430, Issue 7001, p. 758-761 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02773	journal	August 2004
Multiferroic and magnetoelectric materials Eerenstein, W.; Mathur, N. D.; Scott, J. F. Nature, Vol. 442, Issue 7104 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05023	journal	August 2006
Giant sharp and persistent converse magnetoelectric effects in multiferroic epitaxial heterostructures Eerenstein, W.; Wiora, M.; Prieto, J. L. Nature Materials, Vol. 6, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat1886	journal	April 2007
Structure and properties of artificial [(La[sub 0.7]Sr[sub 0.3]MnO[sub 3])[sub m](SrTiO[sub 3])[sub n]][sub 15] superlattices on (001)SrTiO[sub 3]. Lebedev, O. I.; Verbeeck, J.; Van Tendeloo, G. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 94, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1628407	journal	January 2003
Evidence for monoclinic crystal structure and negative thermal expansion below magnetic transition temperature in Pb(Fe1∕2Nb1∕2)O3 Singh, Satendra Pal; Pandey, Dhananjai; Yoon, Songhak Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 90, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2748856	journal	June 2007
Enhancement in magnetoelectric response in CoFe2O4–BaTiO3 heterostructure Zhang, Yi; Deng, Chaoyong; Ma, Jing Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 92, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2841048	journal	February 2008
Studies on high‐density nickel zinc ferrite and its magnetic properties using novel hydrazine precursors Srinivasan, T. T.; Ravindranathan, P.; Cross, L. E. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 63, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.340615	journal	April 1988
Observation of strong magnetoelectric effects in Ba _0.7 Sr _0.3 TiO ₃ /La _0.7 Sr _0.3 MnO ₃ thin film heterostructures Martínez, R.; Kumar, A.; Palai, R. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 111, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4717727	journal	May 2012
Studies on structural, dielectric, and transport properties of Ni _0.65 Zn _0.35 Fe ₂ O ₄ Pradhan, Dhiren K.; Misra, Pankaj; Puli, Venkata S. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 115, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4885420	journal	June 2014
Critical exponents of the dielectric constants in diffused-phase-transition crystals Uchino, Kenji; Nomura, Shoichiro Ferroelectrics Letters Section, Vol. 44, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1080/07315178208201875	journal	January 1982
Revival of the magnetoelectric effect Fiebig, Manfred Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 38, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/38/8/R01	journal	April 2005
Magnetoelectric bilayer and multilayer structures of magnetostrictive and piezoelectric oxides Srinivasan, G.; Rasmussen, E. T.; Gallegos, J. Physical Review B, Vol. 64, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.64.214408	journal	November 2001
Magnetoelectric coupling in ferroelectromagnet Pb ( Fe 1 ∕ 2 Nb 1 ∕ 2 ) O 3 single crystals Yang, Y.; Liu, J. -M.; Huang, H. B. Physical Review B, Vol. 70, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.70.132101	journal	October 2004
High-resolution electron energy-loss spectroscopy of Ba Ti O 3 ∕ Sr Ti O 3 multilayers Zhang, Jingmin; Visinoiu, Alina; Heyroth, Frank Physical Review B, Vol. 71, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.71.064108	journal	February 2005
Scaling of domain periodicity with thickness measured in Ba Ti O 3 single crystal lamellae and comparison with other ferroics Schilling, A.; Adams, T. B.; Bowman, R. M. Physical Review B, Vol. 74, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.74.024115	journal	July 2006
Phonon anomalies and phonon-spin coupling in oriented PbFe 0.5 Nb 0.5 O 3 thin films Correa, Margarita; Kumar, Ashok; Priya, Shashank Physical Review B, Vol. 83, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.83.014302	journal	January 2011
Size-dependent electric voltage controlled magnetic anisotropy in multiferroic heterostructures: Interface-charge and strain comediated magnetoelectric coupling Hu, Jia-Mian; Nan, Ce-Wen; Chen, Long-Qing Physical Review B, Vol. 83, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.83.134408	journal	April 2011
Giant direct magnetoelectric effect in strained multiferroic heterostructures Janolin, Pierre-Eymeric; Pertsev, Nikolay A.; Sichuga, David Physical Review B, Vol. 85, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.85.140401	journal	April 2012
Mechanism of interfacial magnetoelectric coupling in composite multiferroics Jia, C. -L.; Wei, T. -L.; Jiang, C. -J. Physical Review B, Vol. 90, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.90.054423	journal	August 2014
Coexistence of Antiferromagnetic and Spin Cluster Glass Order in the Magnetoelectric Relaxor Multiferroic PbFe 0.5 Nb 0.5 O 3 Kleemann, W.; Shvartsman, V. V.; Borisov, P. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 105, Issue 25 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.257202	journal	December 2010
Epitaxial BiFeO₃ Multiferroic Thin Film Heterostructures Wang, J.; Neaton, J. B.; Zheng, H. Science, Vol. 299, Issue 5613, p. 1719-1722 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1080615	journal	March 2003

Cited By (2)

Optically tunable magnetoelectric properties of inorganic-organic multiferroic flexible film Chakraborty, Sarit; Mandal, S. K.; Saha, B. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 125, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5092766	journal	May 2019
Room-temperature magnetoelectricity and magnetic field sensing characteristics of 2–2 phase connected Ni–Mn–In/PLZT layered multiferroic heterostructure Kumar, Anuj; Suman, Chandra Kant; Kaur, Davinder Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 53, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ab545a	journal	November 2019

Similar Records

Exploring phase transitions and magnetoelectric coupling of epitaxial asymmetric multilayer heterostructures

Journal Article · Mon Jul 27 00:00:00 EDT 2020 · Journal of Materials Chemistry C · OSTI ID:1867228

Related Subjects

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
Science & Technology - Other Topics

Exploring the Magnetoelectric Coupling at the Composite Interfaces of FE/FM/FE Heterostructures

Citation Formats

References (67)

Cited By (2)

Similar Records

Related Subjects