Characterization of the 1S–2S transition in antihydrogen

Ahmadi, M.; Alves, B. X.  R.; Baker, C. J.; Bertsche, W.; Capra, A.; Carruth, C.; Cesar, C. L.; Charlton, M.; Cohen, S.; Collister, R.; Eriksson, S.; Evans, A.; Evetts, N.; Fajans, J.; Friesen, T.; Fujiwara, M. C.; Gill, D. R.; Hangst, J. S.; Hardy, W. N.; Hayden, M. E.; Isaac, C. A.; Johnson, M. A.; Jones, J. M.; Jones, S. A.; Jonsell, S.; Khramov, A.; Knapp, P.; Kurchaninov, L.; Madsen, N.; Maxwell, D.; McKenna, J. T.  K.; Menary, S.; Momose, T.; Munich, J. J.; Olchanski, K.; Olin, A.; Pusa, P.; Rasmussen, C. Ø.; Robicheaux, F.; Sacramento, R. L.; Sameed, M.; Sarid, E.; Silveira, D. M.; Stutter, G.; So, C.; Tharp, T. D.; Thompson, R. I.; van der Werf, D. P.; Wurtele, J. S.

doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0017-2

Title: Characterization of the 1S–2S transition in antihydrogen

Journal Article · Wed Apr 04 00:00:00 EDT 2018 · Nature (London)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0017-2· OSTI ID:1624268

Ahmadi, M. ^[1]; Alves, B. X. R. ^[2]; Baker, C. J. ^[3]; Bertsche, W. ^[4]; Capra, A. ^[5]; Carruth, C. ^[6]; Cesar, C. L. ^[7]; Charlton, M. ^[3]; Cohen, S. ^[8]; Collister, R. ^[5]; Eriksson, S. ^[3]; Evans, A. ^[9]; Evetts, N. ^[10]; Fajans, J. ^[6]; Friesen, T. ^[2]; Fujiwara, M. C. ^[5]; Gill, D. R. ^[5]; Hangst, J. S. ^[2]; Hardy, W. N. ^[10]; Hayden, M. E. ^[11] more »

Univ. of Liverpool (United Kingdom). Dept. of Physics
Aarhus Univ. (Denmark). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy
Swansea Univ. (United Kingdom). College of Science. Dept. of Physics
Univ. of Manchester (United Kingdom). School of Physics and Astronomy; Sci-Tech Daresbury, Warrington (United Kingdom). Cockcroft Inst.
TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC (Canada)
Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States). Dept. of Physics
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (Brazil). Inst. de Fisica
Ben-Gurion Univ. of the Negev, Beer-Sheva (Israel). Dept. of Physics
Univ. of Calgary, AB (Canada). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy
Univ. of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Canada). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy
Simon Fraser Univ., Burnaby, BC (Canada). Dept. of Physics
Aarhus Univ. (Denmark). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy; Swansea Univ. (United Kingdom). College of Science. Dept. of Physics
Stockholm Univ. (Sweden). Dept. of Physics
York Univ., Toronto, ON (Canada). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy
TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC (Canada); Univ. of Victoria, BC (Canada). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy
Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN (United States). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy
Swansea Univ. (United Kingdom). College of Science. Dept. of Physics; Univ. of Manchester (United Kingdom). School of Physics and Astronomy
Israel Atomic Energy Commission (IAEC), Yavne (Israel). Soreq Nuclear Research Centre (Soreq NRC)
Marquette Univ., Milwaukee, WI (United States). Physics Dept.
Swansea Univ. (United Kingdom). College of Science. Dept. of Physics; IRFU, CEA/Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex (France)

In 1928, Dirac published an equation1 that combined quantum mechanics and special relativity. Negative-energy solutions to this equation, rather than being unphysical as initially thought, represented a class of hitherto unobserved and unimagined particles—antimatter. The existence of particles of antimatter was confirmed with the discovery of the positron2 (or anti-electron) by Anderson in 1932, but it is still unknown why matter, rather than antimatter, survived after the Big Bang. As a result, experimental studies of antimatter3,4,5,6,7, including tests of fundamental symmetries such as charge–parity and charge–parity–time, and searches for evidence of primordial antimatter, such as antihelium nuclei, have high priority in contemporary physics research. The fundamental role of the hydrogen atom in the evolution of the Universe and in the historical development of our understanding of quantum physics makes its antimatter counterpart—the antihydrogen atom—of particular interest. Current standard-model physics requires that hydrogen and antihydrogen have the same energy levels and spectral lines. The laser-driven 1S–2S transition was recently observed8 in antihydrogen. Here we characterize one of the hyperfine components of this transition using magnetically trapped atoms of antihydrogen and compare it to model calculations for hydrogen in our apparatus. We find that the shape of the spectral line agrees very well with that expected for hydrogen and that the resonance frequency agrees with that in hydrogen to about 5 kilohertz out of 2.5 × 1015 hertz. This is consistent with charge–parity–time invariance at a relative precision of 2 × 10-12—two orders of magnitude more precise than the previous determination8—corresponding to an absolute energy sensitivity of 2 ×10-20 GeV.

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Research Organization:: University of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC)

Grant/Contract Number:: FG02-04ER63917

OSTI ID:: 1624268

Journal Information:: Nature (London), Vol. 557, Issue 7703; ISSN 0028-0836

Publisher:: Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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