Ultrafast current imaging by Bayesian inversion

Somnath, S.; Law, K. J.  H.; Morozovska, A. N.; Maksymovych, P.; Kim, Y.; Lu, X.; Alexe, M.; Archibald, R.; Kalinin, S. V.; Jesse, S.; Vasudevan, R. K.

doi:10.1038/s41467-017-02455-7

Ultrafast current imaging by Bayesian inversion

Journal Article · Tue Feb 06 00:00:00 EST 2018 · Nature Communications

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-02455-7· OSTI ID:1624067

^[1]; Law, K. J. H. ^[2]; ^[3]; Maksymovych, P. ^[4]; Kim, Y. ^[5]; ^[6]; Alexe, M. ^[7]; Archibald, R. ^[2]; ^[4]; Jesse, S. ^[4]; ^[4]

Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (CNMS); Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Inst. for Functional Imaging of Materials; DOE/OSTI
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (CNMS); Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Computer Science and Mathematics Div.
NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv (Ukraine). Inst. of Physics
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (CNMS); Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Inst. for Functional Imaging of Materials
Sungkyunkwan Univ., Suwon (Republic of Korea). School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering
Xidian Univ., Shaanxi (China). The State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology
Univ. of Warwick, Coventry (United Kingdom). Dept. of Physics

Spectroscopic measurements of current–voltage curves in scanning probe microscopy is the earliest and one of the most common methods for characterizing local energy-dependent electronic properties, providing insight into superconductive, semiconductor, and memristive behaviors. However, the quasistatic nature of these measurements renders them extremely slow. Here, we demonstrate a fundamentally new approach for dynamic spectroscopic current imaging via full information capture and Bayesian inference. This general-mode I–V method allows three orders of magnitude faster measurement rates than presently possible. The technique is demonstrated by acquiring I–V curves in ferroelectric nanocapacitors, yielding >100,000 I–V curves in <20 min. This allows detection of switching currents in the nanoscale capacitors, as well as determination of the dielectric constant. These experiments show the potential for the use of full information capture and Bayesian inference toward extracting physics from rapid I–V measurements, and can be used for transport measurements in both atomic force and scanning tunneling microscopy.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Advanced Scientific Computing Research (ASCR); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Materials Sciences & Engineering Division

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 1624067

Journal Information:: Nature Communications, Journal Name: Nature Communications Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 9; ISSN 2041-1723

Publisher:: Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (74)

Polarization Dynamics in Ferroelectric Capacitors: Local Perspective on Emergent Collective Behavior and Memory Effects K. Vasudevan, Rama; Marincel, Daniel; Jesse, Stephen Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 23, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201203422	journal	April 2013
Universality of Polarization Switching Dynamics in Ferroelectric Capacitors Revealed by 5D Piezoresponse Force Microscopy Kim, Yunseok; Lu, Xiaoli; Jesse, Stephen Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 23, Issue 32 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201300079	journal	April 2013
Intrinsic Ferroelectric Properties of Strained Tetragonal PbZr0.2Ti0.8O3 Obtained on Layer–by–Layer Grown, Defect–Free Single–Crystalline Films Vrejoiu, I.; Le Rhun, G.; Pintilie, L. Advanced Materials, Vol. 18, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200502711	journal	July 2006
High-speed AFM and nano-visualization of biomolecular processes Ando, Toshio; Uchihashi, Takayuki; Kodera, Noriyuki Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology, Vol. 456, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00424-007-0406-0	journal	December 2007
Ferroelectric domain switching dynamics with combined 20 nm and 10 ns resolution Polomoff, Nicholas A.; Premnath, Ramesh Nath; Bosse, James L. Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 44, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-009-3699-x	journal	October 2009
Nanoscale studies of defect-mediated polarization switching dynamics in ferroelectric thin film capacitors Yang, Sang Mo; Yoon, Jong-Gul; Noh, Tae Won Current Applied Physics, Vol. 11, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cap.2011.05.017	journal	September 2011
Resistive Switching Mechanisms on TaO _x and SrRuO ₃ Thin-Film Surfaces Probed by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Moors, Marco; Adepalli, Kiran Kumar; Lu, Qiyang ACS Nano, Vol. 10, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5b07020	journal	December 2015
Submicrosecond Time Resolution Atomic Force Microscopy for Probing Nanoscale Dynamics Giridharagopal, Rajiv; Rayermann, Glennis E.; Shao, Guozheng Nano Letters, Vol. 12, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl203956q	journal	January 2012
Understanding Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Contrast Mechanisms on Metal Oxides: A Case Study Mönig, Harry; Todorović, Milica; Baykara, Mehmet Z. ACS Nano, Vol. 7, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1021/nn4045358	journal	October 2013
Complete information acquisition in dynamic force microscopy Belianinov, Alexei; Kalinin, Sergei V.; Jesse, Stephen Nature Communications, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms7550	journal	March 2015
Conduction at domain walls in oxide multiferroics Seidel, J.; Martin, L. W.; He, Q. Nature Materials, Vol. 8, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat2373	journal	January 2009
Big–deep–smart data in imaging for guiding materials design Kalinin, Sergei V.; Sumpter, Bobby G.; Archibald, Richard K. Nature Materials, Vol. 14, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat4395	journal	September 2015
Visualization of the emergence of the pseudogap state and the evolution to superconductivity in a lightly hole-doped Mott insulator Kohsaka, Y.; Hanaguri, T.; Azuma, M. Nature Physics, Vol. 8, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys2321	journal	May 2012
Resolving metal-molecule interfaces at single-molecule junctions Komoto, Yuki; Fujii, Shintaro; Nakamura, Hisao Scientific Reports, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/srep26606	journal	May 2016
Full data acquisition in Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy: Mapping dynamic electric phenomena in real space Collins, Liam; Belianinov, Alex; Somnath, Suhas Scientific Reports, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/srep30557	journal	August 2016
Determination of ferroelectric contributions to electromechanical response by frequency dependent piezoresponse force microscopy Seol, Daehee; Park, Seongjae; Varenyk, Olexandr V. Scientific Reports, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/srep30579	journal	July 2016
Use of Bayesian Inference in Crystallographic Structure Refinement via Full Diffraction Profile Analysis Fancher, Chris M.; Han, Zhen; Levin, Igor Scientific Reports, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/srep31625	journal	August 2016
Direct hysteresis measurements of single nanosized ferroelectric capacitors contacted with an atomic force microscope Tiedke, S.; Schmitz, T.; Prume, K. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 79, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1421638	journal	November 2001
Femtosecond broadband stimulated Raman spectroscopy: Apparatus and methods McCamant, David W.; Kukura, Philipp; Yoon, Sangwoon Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 75, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1807566	journal	November 2004
Dynamic leakage current compensation in ferroelectric thin-film capacitor structures Meyer, René; Waser, Rainer; Prume, Klaus Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 86, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1897425	journal	April 2005
Direct studies of domain switching dynamics in thin film ferroelectric capacitors Gruverman, A.; Rodriguez, B. J.; Dehoff, C. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 87, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2010605	journal	August 2005
High speed piezoresponse force microscopy: <1 frame per second nanoscale imaging Nath, Ramesh; Chu, Ying-Hao; Polomoff, Nicholas A. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 93, Issue 7, Article No. 072905 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2969045	journal	August 2008
Individual switching of film-based nanoscale epitaxial ferroelectric capacitors Kim, Yunseok; Han, Hee; Rodriguez, Brian J. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 108, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3474960	journal	August 2010
Kinetics of phase transformations in real finite systems: Application to switching in ferroelectrics Shur, Vladimir; Rumyantsev, Evgenii; Makarov, Sergei Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 84, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.368047	journal	July 1998
Specific methodology for capacitance imaging by atomic force microscopy: A breakthrough towards an elimination of parasitic effects Estevez, Ivan; Chrétien, Pascal; Schneegans, Olivier Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 104, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4866607	journal	February 2014
Fast time-resolved electrostatic force microscopy: Achieving sub-cycle time resolution Karatay, Durmus U.; Harrison, Jeffrey S.; Glaz, Micah S. Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 87, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4948396	journal	May 2016
G-mode magnetic force microscopy: Separating magnetic and electrostatic interactions using big data analytics Collins, Liam; Belianinov, Alex; Proksch, Roger Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 108, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4948601	journal	May 2016
A new technique based on current measurement for nanoscale ferroelectricity assessment: Nano-positive up negative down Martin, Simon; Baboux, Nicolas; Albertini, David Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 88, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4974953	journal	February 2017
New Approach to Analysis of the Switching Current Data in Ferroelectric Thin Films Shur, V. Ya.; Baturin, I. S.; Shishkin, E. I. Ferroelectrics, Vol. 291, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1080/00150190390222510	journal	January 2003
Kinetics of ferroelectric domain structure during switching: Theory and experiment Shur, Vladimir Ya.; Rumyantsev, Evgeniy L. Ferroelectrics, Vol. 151, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1080/00150199408244739	journal	January 1994
Imaging via complete cantilever dynamic detection: general dynamic mode imaging and spectroscopy in scanning probe microscopy Somnath, Suhas; Collins, Liam; Matheson, Michael A. Nanotechnology, Vol. 27, Issue 41 https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/27/41/414003	journal	September 2016
Bayesian inference as a tool for analysis of first-principles calculations of complex materials: an application to the melting point of Ti ₂ GaN Davis, Sergio; Gutiérrez, Gonzalo Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering, Vol. 21, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1088/0965-0393/21/7/075001	journal	August 2013
Theory of the scanning tunneling microscope Tersoff, J.; Hamann, D. R. Physical Review B, Vol. 31, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.31.805	journal	January 1985
Piezoresponse Force Microscopy Studies of Switching Behavior of Ferroelectric Capacitors on a 100-ns Time Scale Gruverman, A.; Wu, D.; Scott, J. F. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 100, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.100.097601	journal	March 2008
Mechanisms of Reversible Conformational Transitions in a Single Molecule Qiu, X. H.; Nazin, G. V.; Ho, W. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 93, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.93.196806	journal	November 2004
A Four Unit Cell Periodic Pattern of Quasi-Particle States Surrounding Vortex Cores in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta Hoffman, J. E. Science, Vol. 295, Issue 5554 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1066974	journal	January 2002
Applications of Modern Ferroelectrics Scott, J. F. Science, Vol. 315, Issue 5814 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1129564	journal	February 2007
Imaging Atomic Structure and Dynamics with Ultrafast X-ray Scattering Gaffney, K. J.; Chapman, H. N. Science, Vol. 316, Issue 5830 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1135923	journal	June 2007
Ultrafast current imaging by Bayesian inversion Somnath, Suhas; Law, Kody; Morozovska, Anna Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility; Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States) https://doi.org/10.13139/olcf/1410993	dataset	January 2016
Visualizing pair formation on the atomic scale in the high-Tc superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+d Gomes, Kenjiro K.; Pasupathy, Abhay N.; Pushp, Aakash arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.0706.0214	text	January 2007
Visualizing Critical Correlations near the Metal-Insulator Transition in Ga1-xMnxAs Richardella, Anthony; Roushan, Pedram; Mack, Shawn arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1002.1037	text	January 2010
Advanced scanning probe lithography Garcia, Ricardo; Knoll, Armin W.; Riedo, Elisa arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1505.01260	text	January 2015
Imaging Quasiparticle Interference in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+d Hoffman, J. E.; McElroy, K.; Lee, D. -H. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.cond-mat/0209276	text	January 2002
Scanning Probe Microscopy Kalinin, Sergei; Gruverman, Alexei Springer New York, NY https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-28668-6	book	January 2007
Data Assimilation: A Mathematical Introduction Law, Kody; Stuart, Andrew; Zygalakis, Konstantinos Texts in Applied Mathematics https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20325-6	book	January 2015
Noncontact Atomic Force Microscopy Morita, S.; Sugawara, Y. Optical and Electronic Process of Nano-Matters https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2482-1_9	book	January 2001
Force-distance curves by atomic force microscopy Cappella, B.; Dietler, G. Surface Science Reports, Vol. 34, Issue 1-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-5729(99)00003-5	journal	January 1999
STM spectroscopy of magnetic molecules Petukhov, K.; Alam, M. S.; Rupp, H. Coordination Chemistry Reviews, Vol. 253, Issue 19-20 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2009.01.024	journal	October 2009
Gate Voltage Dependent Resistance of a Single Organic Semiconductor Grain Boundary Kelley, Tommie W.; Frisbie, C. Daniel The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 105, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp004519t	journal	May 2001
Visualizing pair formation on the atomic scale in the high-Tc superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ Gomes, Kenjiro K.; Pasupathy, Abhay N.; Pushp, Aakash Nature, Vol. 447, Issue 7144 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05881	journal	May 2007
Rapid mapping of polarization switching through complete information acquisition Somnath, Suhas; Belianinov, Alex; Kalinin, Sergei V. Nature Communications, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms13290	journal	December 2016
The emergence of multifrequency force microscopy Garcia, Ricardo; Herruzo, Elena T. Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 7, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2012.38	journal	April 2012
Advanced scanning probe lithography Garcia, Ricardo; Knoll, Armin W.; Riedo, Elisa Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 9, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2014.157	journal	August 2014
Enhancement of the anisotropic photocurrent in ferroelectric oxides by strain gradients Chu, Kanghyun; Jang, Byung-Kweon; Sung, Ji Ho Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 10, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2015.191	journal	August 2015
Guide to video recording of structure dynamics and dynamic processes of proteins by high-speed atomic force microscopy Uchihashi, Takayuki; Kodera, Noriyuki; Ando, Toshio Nature Protocols, Vol. 7, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2012.047	journal	May 2012
Anisotropy of domain growth in epitaxial ferroelectric capacitors Wu, D.; Vrejoiu, I.; Alexe, M. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 96, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3366724	journal	March 2010
Mechanisms of electromechanical coupling in strain based scanning probe microscopy Chen, Qian Nataly; Ou, Yun; Ma, Feiyue Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 104, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4884422	journal	June 2014
Nonlinear space charge dynamics in mixed ionic-electronic conductors: Resistive switching and ferroelectric-like hysteresis of electromechanical response Morozovska, Anna N.; Eliseev, Eugene A.; Varenyk, Olexandr V. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 116, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4891346	journal	August 2014
How to extract information about domain kinetics in thin ferroelectric films from switching transient current data Shur, V. Ya.; Rumyantsev, E. L.; Makarov, S. D. Integrated Ferroelectrics, Vol. 5, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1080/10584589408223886	journal	December 1994
Vortex ferroelectric domains Gruverman, A.; Wu, D.; Fan, H-J Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, Vol. 20, Issue 34 https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/20/34/342201	journal	August 2008
Theory of the scanning tunneling microscope Tersoff, J.; Hamann, D. R. Physical Review B, Vol. 31, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.31.805	journal	January 1985
Piezoresponse Force Microscopy Studies of Switching Behavior of Ferroelectric Capacitors on a 100-ns Time Scale Gruverman, A.; Wu, D.; Scott, J. F. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 100, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.097601	journal	March 2008
Surface Studies by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Binnig, G.; Rohrer, H.; Gerber, Ch. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 49, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.49.57	journal	July 1982
Mechanisms of Reversible Conformational Transitions in a Single Molecule Qiu, X. H.; Nazin, G. V.; Ho, W. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 93, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.196806	journal	November 2004
Scanning tunneling microscopy—from birth to adolescence Binnig, Gerd; Rohrer, Heinrich Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 59, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.59.615	journal	July 1987
A Bayesian approach to modeling diffraction profiles and application to ferroelectric materials Iamsasri, Thanakorn; Guerrier, Jonathon; Esteves, Giovanni Journal of Applied Crystallography, Vol. 50, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600576716020057	journal	February 2017
Imaging Quasiparticle Interference in Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O_8+δ Hoffman, J. E.; McElroy, K.; Lee, D.-H. Science, Vol. 297, Issue 5584, p. 1148-1151 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1072640	journal	July 2002
Visualizing Critical Correlations Near the Metal-Insulator Transition in Ga1-xMnxAs Richardella, A.; Roushan, P.; Mack, S. Science, Vol. 327, Issue 5966 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1183640	journal	February 2010
Data Assimilation Asch, Mark; Bocquet, Marc; Nodet, Maëlle https://doi.org/10.1137/1.9781611974546	book	January 2016
Bayesian Data Analysis Gelman, Andrew; Carlin, John B.; Stern, Hal S. https://doi.org/10.1201/b16018	book	November 2013
Rapid mapping of polarization switching through complete information acquisition Somnath, Suhas; Kalinin, Sergei; Jesse, Stephen Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility; Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States) https://doi.org/10.13139/olcf/1464457	dataset	January 2018
Scanning Probe Microscopy Morita, Seizo Journal of the Vacuum Society of Japan, Vol. 51, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.3131/jvsj2.51.769	journal	January 2008
Mechanisms of Electromechanical Coupling in Strain Based Scanning Probe Microscopy Chen, Qian Nataly; Ou, Yun; Ma, Feiyue arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1404.2369	preprint	January 2014
A Four-Unit-Cell Periodic Pattern of Quasiparticle States Surrounding Vortex Cores in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+d Hoffman, J. E.; Hudson, E. W.; Lang, K. M. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.cond-mat/0201348	text	January 2002

Cited By (5)

Application of pan-sharpening algorithm for correlative multimodal imaging using AFM-IR Borodinov, Nikolay; Bilkey, Natasha; Foston, Marcus npj Computational Materials, Vol. 5, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41524-019-0186-z	journal	April 2019
Towards nanoscale electrical measurements in liquid by advanced KPFM techniques: a review Collins, Liam; Kilpatrick, Jason I.; Kalinin, Sergei V. Reports on Progress in Physics, Vol. 81, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/aab560	journal	July 2018
Fast Multifrequency Measurement of Nonlinear Conductance Borgani, Riccardo; Gilzad Kohan, Mojtaba; Vomiero, Alberto Physical Review Applied, Vol. 11, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevapplied.11.044062	journal	April 2019
Materials science in the artificial intelligence age: high-throughput library generation, machine learning, and a pathway from correlations to the underpinning physics Vasudevan, Rama K.; Choudhary, Kamal; Mehta, Apurva MRS Communications, Vol. 9, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1557/mrc.2019.95	journal	July 2019
Fast multifrequency measurement of nonlinear conductance Borgani, Riccardo; Kohan, Mojtaba Gilzad; Vomiero, Alberto arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1809.07671	text	January 2018

Similar Records

Ultrafast current imaging by Bayesian inversion

Dataset · Thu Dec 31 23:00:00 EST 2015 · OSTI ID:1410993

Bayesian inference in band excitation scanning probe microscopy for optimal dynamic model selection in imaging

Journal Article · Thu Aug 06 20:00:00 EDT 2020 · Journal of Applied Physics · OSTI ID:1649334

Related Subjects

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
Science & Technology - Other Topics

Ultrafast current imaging by Bayesian inversion

Citation Formats

References (74)

Cited By (5)

Similar Records

Related Subjects