Fluorination-enabled optimal morphology leads to over 11% efficiency for inverted small-molecule organic solar cells

Deng, Dan; Zhang, Yajie; Zhang, Jianqi; Wang, Zaiyu; Zhu, Lingyun; Fang, Jin; Xia, Benzheng; Wang, Zhen; Lu, Kun; Ma, Wei; Wei, Zhixiang

doi:10.1038/ncomms13740

Fluorination-enabled optimal morphology leads to over 11% efficiency for inverted small-molecule organic solar cells

Journal Article · Sun Dec 18 23:00:00 EST 2016 · Nature Communications

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms13740· OSTI ID:1623866

Deng, Dan ^[1]; Zhang, Yajie ^[2]; Zhang, Jianqi ^[2]; Wang, Zaiyu ^[3]; Zhu, Lingyun ^[2]; Fang, Jin ^[4]; Xia, Benzheng ^[2]; Wang, Zhen ^[2]; Lu, Kun ^[2]; Ma, Wei ^[5]; Wei, Zhixiang ^[4]

National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, (China). CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience; DOE/OSTI
National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, (China). CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience
Xi'an Jiaotong Univ., Shaanxi (China). State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials
National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, (China). CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience; Univ. of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing (China)
Xi'an Jiaotong Univ., Shaanxi (China). State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials

Solution-processable small molecules for organic solar cells have attracted intense attention for their advantages of definite molecular structures compared with their polymer counterparts. However, the device efficiencies based on small molecules are still lower than those of polymers, especially for inverted devices, the highest efficiency of which is <9%. Here we report three novel solution-processable small molecules, which contain π-bridges with gradient-decreased electron density and end acceptors substituted with various fluorine atoms (0F, 1F and 2F, respectively). Fluorination leads to an optimal active layer morphology, including an enhanced domain purity, the formation of hierarchical domain size and a directional vertical phase gradation. The optimal morphology balances charge separation and transfer, and facilitates charge collection. As a consequence, fluorinated molecules exhibit excellent inverted device performance, and an average power conversion efficiency of 11.08% is achieved for a two-fluorine atom substituted molecule.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231

OSTI ID:: 1623866

Journal Information:: Nature Communications, Journal Name: Nature Communications Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 7; ISSN 2041-1723

Publisher:: Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Fluorinated Photovoltaic Materials for High‐Performance Organic Solar Cells Fan, Qunping; Méndez‐Romero, Ulises A.; Guo, Xia Chemistry – An Asian Journal, Vol. 14, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1002/asia.201900795	journal	August 2019
Self-Assembly of Chiral-at-End Diketopyrrolopyrroles: Symmetry Dependent Solution and Film Optical Activity and Photovoltaic Performance Hume, Paul A.; Monks, James P.; Pop, Flavia Chemistry - A European Journal, Vol. 24, Issue 54 https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201802610	journal	August 2018
Isomers of Dithienocyclopentapyrene‐Based Non‐Fullerene Electron Acceptors: Configuration Effect on Photoelectronic Properties Wu, Jianglin; Chen, Yao; Hu, Bin Chemistry – A European Journal, Vol. 25, Issue 25 https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201900296	journal	April 2019
Acene‐Modified Small‐Molecule Donors for Organic Photovoltaics Sung, Min Jae; Hong, Jisu; Cha, Hyojung Chemistry – A European Journal, Vol. 25, Issue 53 https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201902177	journal	August 2019
Acene‐Modified Small‐Molecule Donors for Organic Photovoltaics Sung, Min Jae; Hong, Jisu; Cha, Hyojung Chemistry – A European Journal, Vol. 25, Issue 53 https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201902973	journal	August 2019
Supramolecular Nanowires from an Acceptor–Donor–Acceptor Conjugated Chromophore Chakraborty, Saptarshi; Varghese, Shinto; Ghosh, Suhrit Chemistry – A European Journal, Vol. 25, Issue 72 https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201904463	journal	November 2019
A New Small‐Molecule Donor Containing Non‐Fused Ring π‐Bridge Enables Efficient Organic Solar Cells with High Open Circuit Voltage and Low Acceptor Content Wang, Kun; Guo, Xia; Ye, Chennan ChemPhysChem, Vol. 20, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1002/cphc.201900368	journal	July 2019
A-π-D-π-A Electron-Donating Small Molecules for Solution-Processed Organic Solar Cells: A Review Wang, Zhen; Zhu, Lingyun; Shuai, Zhigang Macromolecular Rapid Communications, Vol. 38, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1002/marc.201700470	journal	October 2017
Naphtho[1,2-b:5,6-b′]dithiophene-Based Conjugated Polymers for Fullerene-Free Inverted Polymer Solar Cells Jiang, Zhaoyan; Li, Huan; Wang, Zhen Macromolecular Rapid Communications, Vol. 39, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1002/marc.201700872	journal	March 2018
High-Performance Nonfullerene Polymer Solar Cells Based on a Wide-Bandgap Polymer without Extra Treatment Li, Guangda; Xu, Qingqing; Chang, Chunmei Macromolecular Rapid Communications, Vol. 40, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/marc.201800660	journal	October 2018
Asymmetric Wide‐Bandgap Polymers Simultaneously Improve the Open‐Circuit Voltage and Short‐Circuit Current for Organic Photovoltaics Huang, Shaorong; Gu, Wanying; Chen, Lie Macromolecular Rapid Communications, Vol. 40, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1002/marc.201800906	journal	February 2019
Synthesis and photovoltaic properties of new D-A copolymers based on 5,6-bis(2-ethylhexyl)naphtha[2,1-b:3,4-b′]dithiophene-2,9-diyl] donor and fluorine substituted 6,7-bis(9,9-didodecyl-9h-fluoren-2-yl)[1,2,5] thiadiazolo[3,4-g]quinoxaline acceptor units Keshtov, Mukhamed L.; Konstantinov, Igor O.; Kuklin, Sergei A. Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry, Vol. 56, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1002/pola.29011	journal	April 2018
Synthesis and Photovoltaic Properties of New Conjugated D‐A Polymers Based on the Same Fluoro‐Benzothiadiazole Acceptor Unit and Different Donor Units Keshtov, Mukhaned L.; Kuklin, Serge. A.; Konstantinov, Ionv. O. ChemistrySelect, Vol. 5, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/slct.201904353	journal	January 2020
Fluorination Triggered New Small Molecule Donor Materials for Efficient As-Cast Organic Solar Cells Yang, Yuting; Wang, Kai; Li, Gongqiang Small, Vol. 14, Issue 34 https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201801542	journal	July 2018
Isomery-Dependent Miscibility Enables High-Performance All-Small-Molecule Solar Cells Wu, Hao; Fan, Haijun; Xu, Shengjie Small, Vol. 15, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201804271	journal	December 2018
Fluctuations in the Emission Polarization and Spectrum in Single Chains of a Common Conjugated Polymer for Organic Photovoltaics Hedley, Gordon J.; Steiner, Florian; Vogelsang, Jan Small, Vol. 14, Issue 51 https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201804312	journal	November 2018
Toward Over 15% Power Conversion Efficiency for Organic Solar Cells: Current Status and Perspectives Zhang, Jianqi; Zhu, Lingyun; Wei, Zhixiang Small Methods, Vol. 1, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.201700258	journal	November 2017
Advances in Non-Fullerene Acceptor Based Ternary Organic Solar Cells Fu, Huiting; Wang, Zhaohui; Sun, Yanming Solar RRL, Vol. 2, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.201700158	journal	December 2017
Branched 2-Ethylhexyl Substituted Indacenodithieno[3,2-b]Thiophene Core Enabling Wide-Bandgap Small Molecule for Fullerene-Based Organic Solar Cells with 9.15% Efficiency: Effect of Length and Position of Fused Polycyclic Aromatic Units Wang, Jin-Liang; Zhang, Han-Jian; Liu, Sha Solar RRL, Vol. 2, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.201800108	journal	June 2018
Atomistic Insight Into Donor/Acceptor Interfaces in High-Efficiency Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells Han, Guangchao; Guo, Yuan; Ma, Xiaoyi Solar RRL, Vol. 2, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.201800190	journal	September 2018
High-Performance Green Solvent Processed Ternary Blended All-Polymer Solar Cells Enabled by Complementary Absorption and Improved Morphology Li, Zhenye; Xie, Ruihao; Zhong, Wenkai Solar RRL, Vol. 2, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.201800196	journal	August 2018
Improving the Electron Mobility of ITIC by End-Group Modulation: The Role of Fluorination and π-Extension Han, Guangchao; Guo, Yuan; Ning, Lu Solar RRL, Vol. 3, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.201800251	journal	November 2018
Controlling the Cyano-Containing A ₂ Segments in A ₂ -A ₁ -D-A ₁ -A ₂ Type Non-Fullerene Acceptors to Combine with a Benzotriazole-Based p-Type Polymer: “Same-Acceptor-Strategy” for High V _OC Organic Solar Cells Xiao, Bo; Geng, Yanfang; Tang, Ailing Solar RRL, Vol. 3, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.201800332	journal	January 2019
Organic Solar Cells Based on High Hole Mobility Conjugated Polymer and Nonfullerene Acceptor with Comparable Bandgaps and Suitable Energy Level Offsets Showing Significant Suppression of J _sc – V _oc Trade‐Off Wang, Zhen; Liu, Xuncheng; Jiang, Haiying Solar RRL, Vol. 3, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.201900079	journal	May 2019
Synergistic Effects of Side‐Chain Engineering and Fluorination on Small Molecule Acceptors to Simultaneously Broaden Spectral Response and Minimize Voltage Loss for 13.8% Efficiency Organic Solar Cells Fan, Qunping; Su, Wenyan; Zhang, Ming Solar RRL, Vol. 3, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.201900169	journal	July 2019
Review on Practical Interface Engineering of Perovskite Solar Cells: From Efficiency to Stability Yang, Zhichun; Babu, Balaraju Hari; Wu, Shaohang Solar RRL, Vol. 4, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.201900257	journal	July 2019
Improving Molecular Planarity by Changing Alky Chain Position Enables 12.3% Efficiency All‐Small‐Molecule Organic Solar Cells with Enhanced Carrier Lifetime and Reduced Recombination Dong, Xiyue; Yang, Ke; Tang, Hua Solar RRL, Vol. 4, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.201900326	journal	October 2019
Trendsetters in High‐Efficiency Organic Solar Cells: Toward 20% Power Conversion Efficiency Upama, Mushfika Baishakhi; Mahmud, Md Arafat; Conibeer, Gavin Solar RRL, Vol. 4, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.201900342	journal	October 2019
Chalcogen‐Fused Perylene Diimides‐Based Nonfullerene Acceptors for High‐Performance Organic Solar Cells: Insight into the Effect of O, S, and Se Li, Gang; Wang, Shuaihua; Li, Dandan Solar RRL, Vol. 4, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.201900453	journal	December 2019
Difluorinated Oligothiophenes for High‐Efficiency All‐Small‐Molecule Organic Solar Cells: Positional Isomeric Effect of Fluorine Substitution on Performance Variations Duan, Tainan; Gao, Jie; Babics, Maxime Solar RRL, Vol. 4, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.201900472	journal	January 2020
Deciphering the Role of Fluorination: Morphological Manipulation Prompts Charge Separation and Reduces Carrier Recombination in All‐Small‐Molecule Photovoltaics Tang, Hua; Yan, Cenqi; Karuthedath, Safakath Solar RRL, Vol. 4, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.201900528	journal	April 2020
Star-shaped A-D-A compounds synthesized by different methods and used as donor or acceptor materials in organic photovoltaics Yang, Chunwu; Cheng, Tianxin; Zhu, Xuejiao Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, Vol. 30, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-019-02278-w	journal	September 2019
Influence of the replacement of alkoxyl with alkylthienyl on photovoltaic properties of two small molecule donors for organic solar cells Zhang, Shaoqing; Yang, Liyan; Liu, Delong Science China Chemistry, Vol. 60, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11426-017-9121-0	journal	September 2017
Fluorination vs. chlorination: a case study on high performance organic photovoltaic materials Zhang, Yun; Yao, Huifeng; Zhang, Shaoqing Science China Chemistry, Vol. 61, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11426-018-9260-2	journal	June 2018
Fluorination-substitution effect on all-small-molecule organic solar cells Wu, Qiong; Deng, Dan; Zhang, Jianqi Science China Chemistry, Vol. 62, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11426-018-9437-7	journal	March 2019
Over 16.7% efficiency of ternary organic photovoltaics by employing extra PC71BM as morphology regulator Gao, Jinhua; Wang, Jian; An, Qiaoshi Science China Chemistry, Vol. 63, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11426-019-9634-5	journal	November 2019
Design and application of volatilizable solid additives in non-fullerene organic solar cells Yu, Runnan; Yao, Huifeng; Hong, Ling Nature Communications, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-07017-z	journal	November 2018
Simple non-fused electron acceptors for efficient and stable organic solar cells Yu, Zhi-Peng; Liu, Zhi-Xi; Chen, Fang-Xiao Nature Communications, Vol. 10, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-10098-z	journal	May 2019
Over 16% efficiency organic photovoltaic cells enabled by a chlorinated acceptor with increased open-circuit voltages Cui, Yong; Yao, Huifeng; Zhang, Jianqi Nature Communications, Vol. 10, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-10351-5	journal	June 2019
Efficient and thermally stable organic solar cells based on small molecule donor and polymer acceptor Zhang, Zijian; Miao, Junhui; Ding, Zicheng Nature Communications, Vol. 10, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-10984-6	journal	July 2019
High-efficiency small-molecule ternary solar cells with a hierarchical morphology enabled by synergizing fullerene and non-fullerene acceptors Zhou, Zichun; Xu, Shengjie; Song, Jingnan Nature Energy, Vol. 3, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-018-0234-9	journal	September 2018
Optimisation of processing solvent and molecular weight for the production of green-solvent-processed all-polymer solar cells with a power conversion efficiency over 9% Fan, Baobing; Ying, Lei; Wang, Zhenfeng Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 10, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1039/c7ee00619e	journal	January 2017
Highly efficient halogen-free solvent processed small-molecule organic solar cells enabled by material design and device engineering Wan, Jiahui; Xu, Xiaopeng; Zhang, Guangjun Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 10, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1039/c7ee00805h	journal	January 2017
Synthesis and photophysical properties of 2,2′-bis(oligothiophene)-9,9′-bifluorenylidene derivatives Yu, Tianzhi; Guan, Weijia; Wang, Xin New Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 42, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1039/c7nj03926c	journal	January 2018
On the energetics of bound charge-transfer states in organic photovoltaics Zhang, Jiangbin; Jakowetz, Andreas C.; Li, Guangru Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 5, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1039/c7ta01190c	journal	January 2017
Subtle side-chain tuning on terminal groups of small molecule electron acceptors for efficient fullerene-free polymer solar cells Zhu, Jie; Li, Sunsun; Liu, Xiaoyu Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 5, Issue 29 https://doi.org/10.1039/c7ta04431c	journal	January 2017
A high dielectric constant non-fullerene acceptor for efficient bulk-heterojunction organic solar cells Liu, Xi; Xie, Boming; Duan, Chunhui Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1039/c7ta10136h	journal	January 2018
Chemical reaction between an ITIC electron acceptor and an amine-containing interfacial layer in non-fullerene solar cells Hu, Lin; Liu, Yun; Mao, Lin Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1039/c7ta10306a	journal	January 2018
The crucial role of intermolecular π–π interactions in A–D–A-type electron acceptors and their effective modulation Gao, Bowei; Yao, Huifeng; Jang, Bomee Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1039/c7ta10461h	journal	January 2018
Energy level modulation of non-fullerene acceptors enables efficient organic solar cells with small energy loss An, Qiaoshi; Gao, Wei; Zhang, Fujun Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1039/c7ta10763c	journal	January 2018
Organic photovoltaic cells – promising indoor light harvesters for self-sustainable electronics Lee, Harrison Ka Hin; Wu, Jiaying; Barbé, Jérémy Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1039/c7ta10875c	journal	January 2018
Terminal π–π stacking determines three-dimensional molecular packing and isotropic charge transport in an A–π–A electron acceptor for non-fullerene organic solar cells Han, Guangchao; Guo, Yuan; Song, Xiaoxian Journal of Materials Chemistry C, Vol. 5, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1039/c7tc01310h	journal	January 2017
Charge transfer dynamics at the boron subphthalocyanine chloride/C ₆₀ interface: non-adiabatic dynamics study with Libra-X Sato, Kosuke; Pradhan, Ekadashi; Asahi, Ryoji Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 20, Issue 39 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8cp03841d	journal	January 2018
A DFT analysis of the ground and charge-transfer excited states of Sc ₃ N@I _h –C ₈₀ fullerene coupled with metal-free and zinc-phthalocyanine Amerikheirabadi, Fatemeh; Diaz, Carlos; Mohan, Neetha Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 20, Issue 40 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8cp03849j	journal	January 2018
Use of two structurally similar small molecular acceptors enabling ternary organic solar cells with high efficiencies and fill factors Liu, Tao; Luo, Zhenghui; Fan, Qunping Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 11, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ee01700j	journal	January 2018
A generic green solvent concept boosting the power conversion efficiency of all-polymer solar cells to 11% Li, Zhenye; Ying, Lei; Zhu, Peng Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 12, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ee02863j	journal	January 2019
Effects of different types of unsymmetrical squaraines on the material properties and Coulomb interactions in organic photovoltaic devices Yang, Lin; Yang, Daobin; Chen, Yao Materials Chemistry Frontiers, Vol. 2, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8qm00327k	journal	January 2018
An A–D–A′–D–A type small molecule acceptor with wide absorption spectrum and near-infrared absorption Miao, Junhui; Wang, Junxia; Meng, Bin Materials Chemistry Frontiers, Vol. 2, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8qm00441b	journal	January 2018
Side-chain effect of perylene diimide tetramer-based non-fullerene acceptors for improving the performance of organic solar cells Wang, Jianguo; Ma, Lik-Kuen; Huang, Jiachen Materials Chemistry Frontiers, Vol. 2, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8qm00451j	journal	January 2018
Multi-length scale morphology of nonfullerene all-small molecule blends and its relation to device function in organic solar cells Angunawela, Indunil; Ye, Long; Bin, Haijun Materials Chemistry Frontiers, Vol. 3, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8qm00503f	journal	January 2019
Ca ₃ La ₂ Te ₂ O ₁₂ :Mn ⁴⁺ ,Nd ³⁺ ,Yb ³⁺ : an efficient thermally-stable UV/visible–far red/NIR broadband spectral converter for c-Si solar cells and plant-growth LEDs Li, Kai; Van Deun, Rik Materials Chemistry Frontiers, Vol. 3, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8qm00603b	journal	January 2019
Designing indacenodithiophene based non-fullerene acceptors with a donor–acceptor combined bridge for organic solar cells Ans, Muhammad; Ayub, Khurshid; Bhatti, Ijaz Ahmad RSC Advances, Vol. 9, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ra09292c	journal	January 2019
Regulating the optoelectronic properties of small molecule donors with multiple alternative electron-donor and acceptor units for organic solar cells Zhao, Yuan; Wang, Huan; Zeng, Weixuan Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ta01353e	journal	January 2018
A non-fullerene all small molecule solar cell constructed with a diketopyrrolopyrrole-based acceptor having a power conversion efficiency higher than 9% and an energy loss of 0.54 eV Privado, María; de la Cruz, Pilar; Biswas, Subhayan Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 25 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ta02633e	journal	January 2018
Efficient chemical structure and device engineering for achieving difluorinated 2,2′-bithiophene-based small molecular organic solar cells with 9.0% efficiency Li, Min; Qiu, Zhongbin; Zhang, Guangjun Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 26 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ta02699h	journal	January 2018
All-small molecule solar cells based on donor molecule optimization with highly enhanced efficiency and stability Guo, Jie; Bin, Haijun; Wang, Wei Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 32 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ta02778a	journal	January 2018
A low-bandgap dimeric porphyrin molecule for 10% efficiency solar cells with small photon energy loss Xiao, Liangang; Lai, Tianqi; Liu, Xiang Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 38 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ta05903a	journal	January 2018
Polyelectrolyte interlayers with a broad processing window for high efficiency inverted organic solar cells towards mass production Wang, Chen; Li, Chang; MacKenzie, Roderick C. I. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 36 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ta05992f	journal	January 2018
Efficient non-fullerene organic solar cells employing sequentially deposited donor–acceptor layers Zhang, Jiangbin; Kan, Bin; Pearson, Andrew J. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 37 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ta06860g	journal	January 2018
Effects of end-on oriented polymer chains at the donor/acceptor interface in organic solar cells Wang, Fanji; Nakano, Kyohei; Yoshida, Hiroyuki Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 45 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ta09307e	journal	January 2018
Overcoming the morphological and efficiency limit in all-polymer solar cells by designing conjugated random copolymers containing a naphtho[1,2- c :5,6- c ′]bis([1,2,5]thiadiazole)] moiety Xie, Ruihao; Li, Zhenye; Zhong, Wenkai Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 46 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ta09356c	journal	January 2018
NIR absorbing ortho -π-extended perylene bisimide as a promising material for bulk heterojunction organic solar cells Regar, Ramprasad; Mishra, Ruchika; Singhal, Rahul Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ta10982f	journal	January 2019
Terminal group engineering for small-molecule donors boosts the performance of nonfullerene organic solar cells Duan, Tainan; Tang, Hua; Liang, Ru-Ze Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ta11420j	journal	January 2019
A small molecule donor containing a non-fused ring core for all-small-molecule organic solar cells with high efficiency over 11% Li, Xinxin; Wang, Yan; Zhu, Qinglian Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ta11441b	journal	January 2019
Exquisite modulation of ZnO nanoparticle electron transporting layer for high-performance fullerene-free organic solar cell with inverted structure Zheng, Zhong; Zhang, Shaoqing; Wang, Jianqiu Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ta11624e	journal	January 2019
Small molecule donors based on benzodithiophene and diketopyrrolopyrrole compatible with both fullerene and non-fullerene acceptors Huo, Yong; Zhu, Jingshuai; Wang, Xiao-Zhen Journal of Materials Chemistry C, Vol. 6, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8tc00799c	journal	January 2018
Elucidating the key role of fluorine in improving the charge mobility of electron acceptors for non-fullerene organic solar cells by multiscale simulations Yao, Chuang; Peng, Cheng; Yang, Yezi Journal of Materials Chemistry C, Vol. 6, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8tc01315b	journal	January 2018
Revealing the new potential of an indandione unit for constructing efficient yellow thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters with short emissive lifetimes Xiang, Yepeng; Zhu, Ze-Lin; Xie, Dongjun Journal of Materials Chemistry C, Vol. 6, Issue 26 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8tc01656a	journal	January 2018
On the understanding of energetic disorder, charge recombination and voltage losses in all-polymer solar cells Yin, Ao; Zhang, Dongyang; Cheung, Sin Hang Journal of Materials Chemistry C, Vol. 6, Issue 29 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8tc02689k	journal	January 2018
Enhanced open circuit voltage of small molecule acceptors containing angular-shaped indacenodithiophene units for P3HT-based organic solar cells Huang, Hongyan; Xiao, Bo; Huang, Chengting Journal of Materials Chemistry C, Vol. 6, Issue 45 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8tc04608e	journal	January 2018
Non-fullerene acceptor engineering with three-dimensional thiophene/selenophene-annulated perylene diimides for high performance polymer solar cells Li, Gang; Wang, Shuaihua; Liu, Tao Journal of Materials Chemistry C, Vol. 6, Issue 46 https://doi.org/10.1039/c8tc04926b	journal	January 2018
Spontaneous open-circuit voltage gain of fully fabricated organic solar cells caused by elimination of interfacial energy disorder Sun, Rui; Deng, Dan; Guo, Jing Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 12, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ee00825j	journal	January 2019
Influence of the –CN substitution position on the performance of dicyanodistyrylbenzene-based polymer solar cells He, Baitian; Yin, Qingwu; Xie, Boming Polymer Chemistry, Vol. 11, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9py01781j	journal	January 2020
Solubilizing core modifications on high-performing benzodithiophene-based molecular semiconductors and their influences on film nanostructure and photovoltaic performance Lee, Calvin J.; Mitchell, Valerie D.; White, Jonathan Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ta00168a	journal	January 2019
Regulating exciton bonding energy and bulk heterojunction morphology in organic solar cells via methyl-functionalized non-fullerene acceptors Gao, Wei; Liu, Tao; Luo, Zhenghui Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ta00597h	journal	January 2019
Bis[di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]carbazole-capped indacenodithiophenes as hole transport materials for highly efficient perovskite solar cells: the pronounced positioning effect of a donor group on the cell performance Hua, Yong; Chen, Song; Zhang, Dongyang Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ta01731c	journal	January 2019
Simultaneously increasing open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current to minimize the energy loss in organic solar cells via designing asymmetrical non-fullerene acceptor Gao, Wei; Liu, Tao; Li, Jiewei Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ta02283j	journal	January 2019
Increase in efficiency on using selenophene instead of thiophene in π-bridges for D-π-DPP-π-D organic solar cells Cuesta, Virginia; Vartanian, Maida; Malhotra, Prateek Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ta02415h	journal	January 2019
Strategic end-halogenation of π-conjugated small molecules enabling fine morphological control and enhanced performance of organic solar cells Furukawa, Seiichi; Yasuda, Takuma Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ta03869h	journal	January 2019
Sulfonyl-based non-fullerene electron acceptor-assisted grain boundary passivation for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells Song, Changjian; Li, Xiaodong; Wang, Yueming Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 34 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ta06439g	journal	January 2019
High-efficiency non-halogenated solvent processable polymer/PCBM solar cells via fluorination-enabled optimized nanoscale morphology Rasool, Shafket; Hoang, Quoc Viet; Van Vu, Doan Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 43 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ta08960h	journal	January 2019
An A ₂ –π–A ₁ –π–A ₂ -type small molecule donor for high-performance organic solar cells Zhang, Qian; Sun, Yanna; Chen, Xianjie Journal of Materials Chemistry C, Vol. 7, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9tc01251f	journal	January 2019
Improving the efficiencies of small molecule solar cells by solvent vapor annealing to enhance J-aggregation Xiao, Liangang; Li, Zhengdong; Hu, Qin Journal of Materials Chemistry C, Vol. 7, Issue 31 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9tc02630d	journal	January 2019
A bacteriochlorin-diketopyrrolopyrrole triad as a donor for solution-processed bulk heterojunction organic solar cells Ponsot, Flavien; Bucher, Léo; Desbois, Nicolas Journal of Materials Chemistry C, Vol. 7, Issue 31 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9tc02724f	journal	January 2019
Methane-perylene diimide-based small molecule acceptors for high efficiency non-fullerene organic solar cells Li, Gang; Yang, Wenbin; Wang, Shuaihua Journal of Materials Chemistry C, Vol. 7, Issue 35 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9tc03457a	journal	January 2019
Improving the photovoltaic performance of fluorinated 2,2′-bithiophene core-based D(A–Ar) ₂ type small molecules via strategically end-capped heteroaromatic substitution Li, Min; Wang, Shichao; Bao, Chengjia Journal of Materials Chemistry C, Vol. 7, Issue 39 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9tc03577j	journal	January 2019
Morphology of small molecular donor/polymer acceptor blends in organic solar cells: effect of the π–π stacking capability of the small molecular donors Zhang, Zijian; Ding, Zicheng; Miao, Junhui Journal of Materials Chemistry C, Vol. 7, Issue 34 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9tc03819a	journal	January 2019
A medium-bandgap small molecule donor compatible with both fullerene and unfused-ring nonfullerene acceptors for efficient organic solar cells Chen, Xianjie; Ding, Xueyan; Zhang, Qian Journal of Materials Chemistry C, Vol. 7, Issue 43 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9tc04680a	journal	January 2019
Functionalizing tetraphenylpyrazine with perylene diimides (PDIs) as high-performance nonfullerene acceptors Li, Gang; Yang, Shufan; Liu, Tao Journal of Materials Chemistry C, Vol. 7, Issue 46 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9tc05643b	journal	January 2019
Halogenation on benzo[1,2- b :4,5- b ′]difuran polymers for solvent additive-free non-fullerene polymer solar cells with efficiency exceeding 11% He, Enfang; Lu, Yi; Zheng, Zhi Journal of Materials Chemistry C, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9tc06018a	journal	January 2020
Photo-stability study of a solution-processed small molecule solar cell system: correlation between molecular conformation and degradation Newman, Michael J.; Speller, Emily M.; Barbé, Jérémy Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, Vol. 19, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1080/14686996.2018.1433948	journal	February 2018
Achieving efficient and stable organic solar cells by using polyethylene glycol to modulate the crystallization and distribution of the active layer Chen, Quanyi; Lin, Hui; Du, Xiaoyang Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 53, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ab57ac	journal	December 2019
Roll-to-roll micro-gravure printed P3HT:PCBM organic solar cells Li, Hengyue; Zhang, Chujun; Wei, Junfeng Flexible and Printed Electronics, Vol. 4, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-8585/ab59c3	journal	December 2019
On the energetics of bound charge-transfer states in organic photovoltaics Zhang, Jiangbin; Jakowetz, Ac; Li, Guangru Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository https://doi.org/10.17863/cam.10906	text	January 2017
Efficient non-fullerene organic solar cells employing sequentially deposited donor–acceptor layers Zhang, J.; Kan, Bin; Pearson, Andrew Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) https://doi.org/10.17863/cam.33012	journalarticle	January 2018
Sequentially Deposited versus Conventional Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells: Interfacial Trap States, Vertical Stratification, and Exciton Dissociation Zhang, Jiangbin; Futscher, Mh; Lami, V. Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository https://doi.org/10.17863/cam.44326	text	January 2019
Characterizations of Efficient Charge Transfer and Photoelectric Performance in the Cosensitization of Solar Cells Liu, Qian; Lin, Xiaochen; Mi, Lu Applied Sciences, Vol. 8, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.3390/app8071122	journal	July 2018

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