Nonequilibrium Phenomena in (Quasi-)thermal Plasma Flows

Trelles, Juan Pablo

doi:10.1007/s11090-019-10046-1

Nonequilibrium Phenomena in (Quasi-)thermal Plasma Flows

Journal Article · Sat Nov 02 00:00:00 EDT 2019 · Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11090-019-10046-1· OSTI ID:1623351

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Univ. of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA (United States); University of Massachusetts Lowell, Department of Mechanical Engineering

Thermal plasmas are utilized in diverse applications that require high power densities or throughputs, such as metal cutting, welding, spraying, metallurgy, and materials synthesis. Thermal plasma applications involve interactions between the highly energetic plasma and working gas streams, confining devices, or processing materials. Whereas thermal plasma implies a state of equilibrium (i.e. Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium, LTE), due to the above interactions, thermal plasma flows depict nonequilibrium phenomena of two types: kinetic and dissipative. Kinetic nonequilibrium manifests microscopically and is caused by localized imbalances between particles and fields interactions. Its occurrence is illustrated, for example, as deviations from thermal equilibrium between heavy-species and electrons or from mass-action laws. In contrast, dissipative nonequilibrium reveals macroscopically and is produced by external driving forces that incite distributed responses, such as the growth of instabilities, the occurrence of self-organization, or the establishment of turbulence. While kinetic nonequilibrium has been increasingly incorporated in thermal plasma flow models (e.g. finite-rate chemistry, two-temperature models), it is the great advances in numerical computing that is enabling the exploration of dissipative nonequilibrium (e.g. pattern formation, small-scale turbulent features). Both types of nonequilibrium are reviewed, including their estimation and incidence, within the context of computational models and their relevance to thermal plasma sources and processes.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Univ. of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Fusion Energy Sciences (FES) (SC-24)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0018230

OSTI ID:: 1623351

Journal Information:: Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing, Journal Name: Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing Journal Issue: 3 Vol. 40; ISSN 0272-4324

Publisher:: SpringerCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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