Possible mitigation of tokamak plasma–surface interactions using thermionic divertor plates with inverse sheaths

Campanell, M. D.

doi:10.1063/1.5139904

Title: Possible mitigation of tokamak plasma–surface interactions using thermionic divertor plates with inverse sheaths

Journal Article · Thu Apr 09 00:00:00 EDT 2020 · Physics of Plasmas

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5139904· OSTI ID:1623336

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Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

Recent studies demonstrate that when a plasma-facing surface emits a sufficient flux of electrons, it will form an inverse sheath. In this work, we consider a possibility of using thermionic target plates with inverse sheaths as an innovative divertor operating scenario. We derive an electron heat flux boundary condition for inverse sheaths and show that for given power exhaust into a tokamak scrape-off-layer, an inverse sheath leads to a much lower target plasma electron temperature than a conventional sheath. Low enough target plasma temperatures for radiative divertor detachment could therefore be achieved using inverse sheaths instead of the usual need to inject neutral atoms that compromise the core plasma. Other advantages of inverse sheath detachment over conventional sheath operating scenarios include (a) ion impact energies are as low as possible, minimizing sputtering and tritium implantation, (b) surface recombination heat flux is reduced due to ion flux reduction, and (c) arcs are inhibited due to the sign of the surface electric field. This paper outlines the basic properties of inverse sheath detachment and considers the feasibility of implementation. We offer recommendations for future modeling efforts needed to better understand the effects of thermionic emission in tokamaks and whether inverse sheaths present a viable divertor solution.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-07NA27344

OSTI ID:: 1623336

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1632930

Report Number(s):: LLNL-JRNL-797777; 999617; TRN: US2106862

Journal Information:: Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 27, Issue 4; Conference: 61.Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Plasma Physics, Fort Lauderdale, FL (United States), 21-25 Oct 2019; ISSN 1070-664X

Publisher:: American Institute of Physics (AIP)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 9 works

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Title: Possible mitigation of tokamak plasma–surface interactions using thermionic divertor plates with inverse sheaths

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