Role of Caulobacter Cell Surface Structures in Colonization of the Air-Liquid Interface

Fiebig, Aretha

doi:10.1128/JB.00064-19

Role of Caulobacter Cell Surface Structures in Colonization of the Air-Liquid Interface

Journal Article · Thu Aug 22 00:00:00 EDT 2019 · Journal of Bacteriology

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.00064-19· OSTI ID:1623331

Fiebig, Aretha ^[1]

Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States); Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States); Marine Biological Laboratory

In aquatic environments,Caulobacterspp. can be found at the boundary between liquid and air known as the neuston. I report an approach to study temporal features ofCaulobacter crescentuscolonization and pellicle biofilm development at the air-liquid interface and have defined the role of cell surface structures in this process. At this interface,C. crescentusinitially forms a monolayer of cells bearing a surface adhesin known as the holdfast. When excised from the liquid surface, this monolayer strongly adheres to glass. The monolayer subsequently develops into a three-dimensional structure that is highly enriched in clusters of stalked cells known as rosettes. As this pellicle film matures, it becomes more cohesive and less adherent to a glass surface. A mutant strain lacking a flagellum does not efficiently reach the surface, and strains lacking type IV pili exhibit defects in organization of the three-dimensional pellicle. Strains unable to synthesize the holdfast fail to accumulate at the boundary between air and liquid and do not form a pellicle. Phase-contrast images support a model whereby the holdfast functions to trapC. crescentuscells at the air-liquid boundary. Unlike the holdfast, neither the flagellum nor type IV pili are required forC. crescentusto partition to the air-liquid interface. While it is well established that the holdfast enables adherence to solid surfaces, this study provides evidence that the holdfast has physicochemical properties that allow partitioning of nonmotile mother cells to the air-liquid interface and facilitate colonization of this microenvironment.

In aquatic environments, the boundary at the air interface is often highly enriched with nutrients and oxygen. Colonization of this niche likely confers a significant fitness advantage in many cases. This study provides evidence that the cell surface adhesin known as a holdfast enablesCaulobacter crescentusto partition to and colonize the air-liquid interface. Additional surface structures, including the flagellum and type IV pili, are important determinants of colonization and biofilm formation at this boundary. Considering that holdfast-like adhesins are broadly conserved inCaulobacterspp. and other members of the diverse classAlphaproteobacteria, these surface structures may function broadly to facilitate colonization of air-liquid boundaries in a range of ecological contexts, including freshwater, marine, and soil ecosystems

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Institutes of Health (NIH); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER) (SC-23)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0016127

OSTI ID:: 1623331

Journal Information:: Journal of Bacteriology, Journal Name: Journal of Bacteriology Journal Issue: 18 Vol. 201; ISSN 0021-9193

Publisher:: American Society for MicrobiologyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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